风沙地区铁路选线中的主导风向与沙丘移动速度判别方法研究  

Study on Discrimination Method for Dominant Wind Direction and Sand Dune Movement for Railway Alignment Design in Wind-Sand Areas

作　　者：高玉祥 程建军[2] 李泽宇 GAO Yuxiang;CHENG Jianjun;LI Zeyu(School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;College of Water and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Alignment&Transportation Design Department,China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [3]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司线路运输设计院,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《铁道学报》2024年第7期174-182,共9页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52168065);中央高校基本科研业务费(2022YJS075)。

摘　　要：风沙危害是影响沙区铁路选线设计的重要因素。为解决主导风向和沙丘移动数据获取的技术难题,通过分析沙丘空间形态与风况作用的内在关系,构建新月形沙丘、线性沙丘和金字塔沙丘等不同沙丘区域的主导风向判别方法;结合沙丘形态学参数,利用Google Earth历史影像和GIS空间分析,提出沙丘移动速度的测算模型。以和若铁路沿线区域为研究对象,对该方法进行验证。研究结果表明:基于沙丘形态分析的铁路沿线主导风向识别方法能快速地得到选线范围内的主导风向,判别结果与气象监测数据的误差不超过15°;利用卫星影像和GIS的测量方法可实现沙丘移动速度的计算,沙丘移动数据能对气象站观测的风沙数据进行有效补充,提高了铁路设计中沙害勘察的准确性与效率。研究成果可为风沙地区铁路减灾选线提供一定的技术支撑。Blown sand hazard is the important factor affecting railway alignment design in wind-sand areas.In order to solve the technical difficulties in obtaining data of dominant wind direction and sand dune movement,the identification method was constructed for dominant wind direction in different types of dune areas,such as barchan dunes,linear dunes and pyramid dunes,by analyzing the internal relationship between the spatial shape of sand dunes and wind regime features.Further,combined with morphological parameters of sand dunes,the calculation model of moving speed was proposed through using Google Earth historical images and GIS software.The proposed method in this paper was verified through studying the areas along the Hotan—Ruoqiang railway.The results show that the method of identifying the dominant wind direction along the railway based on sand dune morphology analysis can quickly identify the dominant wind direction within the railway selection areas,with the error between the calculation result and the meteorological monitoring data within 15°.The moving velocity of sand dunes can be measured by using satellite images and GIS.Dune movement data can effectively supplement the wind-sand data observed by meteorological stations,and improves the efficiency and accuracy in sand disaster investigation in railway design.The research results can provide some technical support for the disaster reduction design of railway in wind blown sand areas.

关 键 词：铁路选线 风沙地区 主导风向 沙丘移动 形态特征 和若铁路 

分 类 号：U212.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]