论近年欧美重塑跨大西洋关系的主要特点  

Three Characteristics of EU-US Reshaping Transatlantic Relations inRecentYears

作　　者：张雪儿 房乐宪[2] Zhang Xueer;Fang Lexian

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学欧洲问题研究中心与国际关系学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学欧洲问题研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《国际观察》2024年第3期100-126,共27页International Review

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多重危机背景下欧盟的全球战略及其对大国外交的含义研究”(项目编号:20JJDGJW001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来欧美开始重塑跨大西洋关系,呈现出外部驱动性、内在稳定性与互动对等性三个特点。具体地讲,特朗普时期“美国优先”政策,使跨大西洋关系跌入低谷。2021年拜登上台后召开的“欧盟—美国”峰会成为处理双边分歧的重要路径之一。对比2021年与2023年两次欧美峰会发现,欧盟对跨大西洋关系的认知与期望兼具“稳定性”与“变动性”的特点。其中“稳定性”认知主要表现在欧盟依然视美国为关键的经济伙伴,依然重视欧美间气候合作关系并肯定延续欧美人文交流的重要意义;“变动性”则实质上是追求对等性和均衡发展,具体表现为欧盟希望进一步密切双边防务关系,增加安全合作议题,强化与美科技伙伴关系,引导双边科技协调并塑造平等的跨大西洋伙伴关系,拓展全球合作空间。欧盟对跨大西洋的认知与期望,将对欧盟的对外政策产生重要影响。一方面,欧盟的近期认知与期望有可能重塑跨大西洋关系,欧美关系“议题化”色彩更为明显。另一方面,欧盟对华多重认知定位的内在矛盾性及相应政策的复杂性将更加凸显。深入分析欧盟在近期两次欧美峰会中对跨大西洋关系的认知与期望,对把握欧美关系的新变化及欧盟对华政策有重要意义。The"America First"policy of the Trump administration has brought transatlantic relations to a low point.The EU-US summit held after Biden came to power in 2021 has become one of the most important occasions for dealing with bilateral differences.The EU and the US have begun to reshape the transatlantic relationship,presenting three characteristics:externally driven,intrinsically stable and interactive reciprocity.Specifically,the comparison of the two summits in 2021 and 2023 reveals that the EU's perceptions and expectations of the transatlantic relations are characterized by both"continuity"and"variability".The perception of"continuity"is mainly manifested in the facts that the EU still regards the US as a key economic partner,still attaches importance to the climate cooperation relationship between Europe and the United States,and affirms the significance of the continuation of the people-to-people exchanges between them;and"variability"is manifested in the facts that the EU hopes to strengthen the bilateral defense ties and increase the topics of security cooperation,to strengthen the scientific and technological partnership with the United States and guide the bilateral technological coordination,as well as to shape the transatlantic relations as equal partners and to expand the space for global cooperation.The EU's transatlantic perceptions and expectations will have important impacts on the future direction of bilateral relations and the EU's foreign policy.On the one hand,these recent perceptions and expectations are likely to reshape the transatlantic relations,and the bilateral relationship will become more salient in terms of"issuelization"(or"issue oriented").On the other hand,the inherent contradictions of the EU's multiple perceptions towards China and the complexity of the corresponding policies will become more prominent.An in-depth analysis of the EU's perceptions and expectations of the transatlantic relations during the two EU-US Summits will be of great significance for grasping the new change

关 键 词：跨大西洋关系 欧美峰会 主要动向 中欧关系 欧洲战略自主 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]