华北北部涌别技法的技术与生产特征:以阳原马鞍山遗址拼合组为例  

Technical and Productive Characteristics of Yubetsu Technology in North China:Case Study on Refitted Groups of Ma'anshan Site in Yangyuan

作　　者：冯玥 梅惠杰[3] 谢飞 王幼平[1,2] Feng Yue;Mei Huijie;Xie Fei;Wang Youping

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [3]河北师范大学,石家庄050024 [4]河北省文物考古研究院,石家庄050033

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2024年第6期33-47,共15页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“马鞍山遗址1997-1998年发掘资料整理与综合研究”(项目批准号:22CKG004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：细石器是我国北方地区晚更新世末期以来最主要的石器工业类型,以往的研究工作主要针对细石核的形态及技术特征,较少涉及对各类副产品的探讨。本文从泥河湾盆地马鞍山遗址的细石器生产拼合组入手,系统复原了华北北部涌别技法的生产操作链,总结了在细石核的预制、精修、剥片、维护等不同阶段,为了修理核身和底缘、生产和维护台面、剥片面、剥片角度而产生的一系列副产品的技术特征,为在缺少典型楔形石核的情况下辨识涌别技法提供了依据。这些石片还会进一步被用作毛坯生产边刮器、凹缺器等工具,即工具的制作也整合在了细石叶生产过程中。这种高效、规范的石器生产过程与华北南部船型细石核和小石片石器共存的情形存在明显差异,对二者的区分不应拘泥于个别细石核的形态特征,而应当结合完整的操作链和石器组合加以讨论。Microblade is the dominant industry in North China during the Terminal Pleistocene.Previous work mainly focuses on the morphology and technology of microblade cores,while various by-products have been hardly explored.Based on the refitted groups of Ma'anshan site at Nihewan Basin,this article reconstructs the chaine operatoire of Yubetsu technology,and proposes the identifiable characteristics of a series of by-products flaked off to trim the lateral sides,wedge,platform and striking surface during the preparation,refinement and maintain of the core and microblade production.These distinguishable by-products provide the possibility to identify Yubetsu technology even when typical wedge-shaped cores are absent.These flakes are further retouched into tools such as side-scrapers and notches,suggesting that the manufacture of tools is integrated with the microblade production.This highly efficient and standard procedure is different from the microblade industry in southern North China,which is characterized by boat-shaped microblade cores and small-sized flake tools.Such situation indicates that the distinction between these two microblade industries should not be restricted to the morphology of certain cores.Instead,the chaine operatoire and the whole lithic assemblage should be taken into consideration.

关 键 词：马鞍山遗址 涌别技法 拼合研究 细石器 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]