周家台秦简《二十八宿占》补议  

Supplementary Discussion on The Treatise of Twenty-Eight Star Constellations

作　　者：高洁[1] Gao Jie

机构地区：[1]南京大学,南京210033

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2024年第6期49-59,共11页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学项目“简帛数术文献图文转换及相关问题研究”(项目批准号:20VJXG043);国家社科基金重大项目“简帛阴阳五行类文献集成及综合研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD272);古文字与中华文明传承发展工程规划项目“阜阳汉简整理与研究”(项目批准号:G2407)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：周家台秦简《日书》中的《二十八宿占》由一幅线图及月星关系、干支、二十八宿占辞、占卜方法等构成,此前已有多位学者就其线图与占卜方法进行讨论,本文总结旧说得失,指出其中的不合理之处。简文中的月星关系及干支的作用是描述此占所需的式盘,该篇中的线图并非此前学者所说是式盘图像,而是占卜所需信息的说明。占卜时将天盘上的二十八宿换算为二十八时,根据北斗的年转与日转得出十二个月内每日各时段斗柄所指之坐标星宿,再翻检占辞即可判断吉凶。通过《二十八宿占》,可以推断六壬式盘在简文写成的秦末已经出现。The Treatise of Twenty-eight Star Constellations[二十八宿占]in Ri Shu[日书]of the Zhoujiatai Qin slips consists of a line diagram and the relation between the moon and the stars,heavenly stems and earthly branches(Stem-Branch),twenty-eight constellations and the divination method.Many scholars have discussed the line diagram and divination method.This article summarizes previous researches and points out the flaws.The role of the moon-stars relation and the Stem-Branch in the slips is to describe the device needed for this divination.The line diagram is not the device image as scholars speculated before,but the information needed for divination instead.Diviners convert the twenty-eight star constellations on the heaven plate to twenty-eight time spans.According to the annual and daily rotation of the Big Dipper,they can get the coordinates of star constellations that the handle refers to at each time of the day within twelve months,and then judge the good or bad fortune by reviewing the divination instructions.From The Treatise of Twenty-Eight Star Constellations,it can be inferred that the Liuren[六壬]device had appeared by the end of the Qin dynasty.

关 键 词：周家台秦简 二十八宿占 六壬式盘 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]