社区老年人饮食习惯与衰弱关系的病例对照研究  

Relationship between dietary habits and frailty in community-dwelling older adults:a case-control study

作　　者：胡梦雅 张林 马佳宁 王美丁 高子雲 郭蕾蕾 HU Mengya;ZHANG Lin;MA Jianing;WANG Meiding;GAO Ziyun;GUO Leilei(School of Nursing,Jinzhou Medical University,Liaoning 121001;School of Nursing,Wannan Medical College,Anhui 241002;School of Health Management,Liaoyang Vocational College of Technology,Liaoning 111004,China)

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学护理学院,121001 [2]皖南医学院护理学院,241002 [3]辽阳职业技术学院健康管理学院,111004

出　　处：《中国老年保健医学》2024年第3期85-88,共4页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Care

基　　金：安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划(编号:gxyqZD2021118)。

摘　　要：目的探讨社区老年人的饮食习惯与衰弱的关系,为老年人衰弱的预防与控制研究提供参考。方法采用病例对照研究,以2023年3月至6月辽宁省锦州市某社区的180例衰弱老年人为病例组,选择同期、同社区的180例非衰弱的老年人为对照组进行问卷调查。采用χ^(2)检验及多因素Logistic回归分析数据。结果单因素分析结果显示,两组在文化程度、共病情况、摄入水果、蔬菜、坚果、肉类、零食以及油炸食品频率方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,以每周摄入频率≥3次的蔬菜(OR=0.492,95%CI 0.293~0.828)和坚果(OR=0.484,95%CI 0.270~0.867)是老年人衰弱发生的保护因素;而共病情况(OR=2.198,95%CI 1.247~3.873)、每周≥3次摄入零食(OR=1.908,95%CI 1.079~3.376)以及油炸食品(OR=1.417,95%CI 1.189~2.307)是衰弱发生的危险因素。结论饮食习惯与老年人衰弱的发生有关,经常食用蔬菜、坚果,减少零食以及油炸食品的摄入有利于社区老年人衰弱的预防和控制。Objective To investigate the association between dietary habits and frailty among the elderly in the community and to provide the rationale for preventing and controlling frailty in the elderly accordingly.Methods A case control study was used to conduct a questionnaire survey using 180 elderly people who were frail in the community of Jinzhou City,Liaoning Province,from March 2023 to June 2023 as the case group,and 180 non-frail elderly people from the same community were chosen to be the control group.Data were analyzed using the χ^(2) test and multifactor logistic regression.Results A survey was conducted to obtain information about 180 pairs of study participants,and a one-way analysis of variance revealed that the difference between the two groups in terms of literacy,comorbidity and frequency of intake of fruits,vegetables,nuts,meat,snacks,and fried foods were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analyses showed intake of vegetables(OR=0.492,95%CI 0.293~0.828)and nuts(OR=0.484,95%CI 0.270~0.867)were protective factors against the onset of debility in community-dwelling older adults;but co-morbid conditions(OR=2.198,95%CI 1.247~3.873),consumption of snacks≥3 times per week(OR=1.908,95%CI 1.079~3.376)and fried food(OR=1.417,95%CI 1.189~2.307)were risk factors for the development of debility.Conclusion Dietary habits are associated with the development of debility in older adults,and regular consumption of vegetables and nuts,and reduction of snacks and fried food,is beneficial in the prevention and control of debility in community-dwelling older adults.

关 键 词：社区老年人 饮食 衰弱 病例对照研究 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]