某汽车发动机制造企业噪声综合治理效果分析  

Analysis on comprehensive noise control effects in an automobile engine manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：陈琳[1] 舒友梅[1] 廖阳[1] 张海[1] 钟坤鹏[1] 刘军 欧凤仪 王致[1] CHEN Lin;SHU Youmei;LIAO Yang;ZHANG Hai;ZHONG Kunpeng;LIU Jun;OU Fengyi;WANG Zhi(Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620 [2]广汽丰田发动机有限公司,广东广州511400

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第2期168-171,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函〔2019〕1555号);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021-2023);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);2023年度市校(院)企联合资助专题(2023A03J0497);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20231A011066)。

摘　　要：目的分析某汽车发动机制造企业综合治理噪声的措施与效果。方法以某汽车发动机制造企业接触噪声的岗位为研究对象,调查企业噪声危害现状,对噪声超标岗位进行综合治理,分析治理效果。结果检测该企业395个接触噪声岗位。其中,噪声超标岗位16个,噪声超标率为4.1%。超标岗位主要在机加工车间和铸造车间,其8 h等效声级分别为86.8~89.2和85.2~90.2 dB(A);除铸造车间模具保全岗位噪声作业分级为Ⅱ级外,其余噪声超标岗位噪声作业分级均为Ⅰ级。企业采用改革工艺、设备替代、隔声、消声、吸声和隔振等噪声综合治理措施后,9个岗位整改后8 h等效声级低于整改前[(86.7±1.1)vs(83.3±1.3)dB(A),P<0.01]。结论采用综合治理措施可实现从源头降低噪声的目的,可供存在噪声危害的相关企业借鉴。Objective To analyze the measures and effects of comprehensive noise control in an automobile engine manufacturing enterprise.Methods An automobile engine manufacturing enterprise with noise exposure work-sites was selected as the research subject.The noise hazard status of the enterprise was investigated.The noise hazard exceeded the national standard in work-sites was comprehensively treated.The treatment effect was analyzed.Results A total of 395 worksites exposed to noise were detected.Among them,16 work-sites exceeded the national noise standard,with the rate of 4.1%.The work-sites with noise exceeding the national standard were mainly in the machine workshop and the casting workshop,with normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal eight hours working day(LEX,8h)ranging from 86.8 to 89.2 and 85.2 to 90.2 dB(A),respectively.In addition,the classification of occupational noise exposure of the mold protection group in the casting workshop was levelⅡ,and classification of occupational noise exposure of other work-sites with excessive national standard was gradeⅠ.After the enterprise implemented noise control measures such as process reform,equipment replacement,sound insulation,noise reduction,sound absorption,and vibration isolation,the LEX,8h of nine positions were lower than those before rectification[(86.7±1.1)vs(83.3±1.3)dB(A),P<0.01].Conclusion The use of comprehensive control measures can achieve the purpose of reducing noise from the sources,and can be used for reference by relevant enterprises with noise hazards.

关 键 词：发动机制造业 噪声危害 隔声降噪 综合治理 工程防护 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]