广州市2006—2022年船舶修造业新发职业性电焊工尘肺流行病学调查  

Epidemiological investigation on newly diagnosed occupational welder′s pneumoconiosis in shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou City from 2006 to 2022

作　　者：王梦茹 肖吕武[2,3] 周浩 李芳健[1] 林秋月 WANG Mengru;XIAO Lüwu;ZHOU Hao;LI Fangjian;LIN Qiuyue(School of Public Health,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510182,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510182 [2]广州市第十二人民医院,广东广州510620 [3]广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院,广东广州510620

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第2期234-237,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021—2023):广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函〔2019〕1555号)。

摘　　要：目的分析广州市2006—2022年船舶修造业新发职业性电焊工尘肺(OWP)流行病学特征。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制系统”子系统“健康危害因素监测信息系统”,收集广州市2006—2022年船舶修造业新发OWP病例资料进行分析。结果广州市2006—2022年船舶修造业新发OWP 250例,年度新发病例数量呈先上升后快速下降的趋势,在2013年达到高峰(65例)。病例以男性为主,占99.2%。有报告OWP分期的220例病例中,OWP壹期、贰期病例分别占93.6%和6.4%,无OWP叁期病例。病例诊断年龄中位数(M)和第25、75百分位数(P_(25),P_(75))为43.0(39.0,47.0)岁,接尘工龄M(P_(25),P_(75))为11.2(8.1,14.7)年。2015—2018、2019—2022年新发OWP病例诊断年龄M分别高于2006—2010和2011—2014年病例(P值均<0.05);2006—2010、2019—2022年新发OWP病例接尘工龄M分别高于2015—2018和2011—2014年病例(P值均<0.05);病例X射线胸片显示小阴影以圆形小阴影p影为主,多分布于双中和双下肺区,密集度多为1/1。结论广州市船舶修造业电焊烟尘危害程度得到了进一步控制,但OWP防治形势依然严峻。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational welder's pneumoconiosis(OWP)in the shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou City from 2006 to 2022.Methods Data on newly diagnosed OWP cases in the shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou City from 2006 to 2022 was collected and ananlyzed from the Health Hazard Monitoring Information System subsystem of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System.Result A total of 250 cases of new welder's pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in the shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou City from 2006 to 2022.The number of new cases per year showed an initial increase followed by a rapid decline,reaching a peak in 2013(65 cases).Most of the cases were male,accounted for 99.2%.There were 220 cases reported the OWP stage,with the stageⅠand stageⅡcases accounted for 93.6%and 6.4%,respectively,but no stageⅢcases were reported.The median(M)age and the 25th and 75th percentiles(P_(25),P_(75))at diagnosis was 43.0(39.0,47.0)years and the dust exposure years M(P_(25),P_(75))was 11.2(8.1,14.7)years.The M of age at diagnosis of new OWP cases in 2015-2018 and 2019-2022 were higher than those in 2006-2010 and 2011-2014,respectively(all P<0.05).The M of dust exposure duration of new OWP cases from 2006-2010 and 2019-2022 was higher than that in cases from 2015-2018 and 2011-2014,respectively(all P<0.05).Most of the small shadows of the cases were circular small p shadows and distributed in the bilateral middle and lower lung zones,with a density mostly of 1/1,according to the Xray chest films.Conclusion The hazard of welding fumes in the shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou City has been controlled,but the prevention and control of OWP among welders remains severe.

关 键 词：电焊工尘肺 流行病学特征 影像学 小阴影 形态 密集度 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]