胡椒碱对白纹伊蚊幼虫的毒性作用及发育影响  

Toxic and developmental effects of piperine on Aedes albopictus larvae

作　　者：袁思祎 王颖 齐白钰 邓雯洋 李华 YUAN Siyi;WANG Ying;QI Baiyu;DENG Wenyang;LI Hua(Experimental Center of Preventive Medicine,School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510515,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院预防医学实验教学中心,广东广州510515

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2024年第6期783-787,I0003,共6页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021A1515011835,2023A1515012133)。

摘　　要：目的探讨胡椒碱对白纹伊蚊幼虫的毒性作用,为绿色杀虫剂的研发提供科学基础。方法采用幼虫浸渍法,观察不同浓度(5、10、20、30 mg/L)胡椒碱处理对白纹伊蚊幼虫生长发育的影响,记录发育异常的幼虫形态、幼虫的化蛹数、羽化数和死亡数,计算化蛹率、羽化率和死亡率。利用不同浓度梯度(5、10、20、25、30 mg/L)的胡椒碱处理48 h后观察白纹伊蚊幼虫对应的死亡率,进行回归分析,并计算半数致死浓度(LC50)和95%CI。结果胡椒碱作用初期,白纹伊蚊幼虫活动正常,1 h后发现幼虫活动频率降低,高浓度(20、30 mg/L)胡椒碱处理组的幼虫活跃度较低浓度(5、10 mg/L)明显减弱;12 h后各浓度组均有幼虫发生死亡,部分幼虫反应迟钝,但用细玻璃棒轻触刺激后可做出逃避反应,并浮出水面;死亡幼虫多数沉于水底,表现为躯干局部发黑,虫体萎缩僵直;部分死亡幼虫浮在水面上,触动后下沉。经胡椒碱处理的存活幼虫化蛹后进入蛹期,部分在蛹期发生死亡,死蛹主要表现出两种形态,蜕皮后尚未形成新表皮的裸蛹和已发生色素沉着的蛹。与空白对照组比较,经不同浓度(5、10、20、30 mg/L)胡椒碱处理的白纹伊蚊幼虫化蛹率(χ^(2)=25.185、63.602、241.359、322.105)和羽化率(χ^(2)=5.046、14.203、68.629)均依次显著降低,死亡率依次显著升高(χ^(2)=37.600、84.050、272.046、291.256),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。胡椒碱对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫的LC50为10.068 mg/L,95%CI为6.108~13.930 mg/L,毒力回归曲线方程y=3.301x-3.310。结论胡椒碱对白纹伊蚊幼虫具有毒性作用,通过影响化蛹和羽化这两个发育关键环节达到杀灭效果,可作为潜在的白纹伊蚊绿色杀虫剂。Objective To explore the toxic effects of piperine on Aedes albopictus larvae and to provide a scientific basis for the research and development of environmentally friendly insecticides. Methods The larvae dipping method was used to observe the effects of different concentrations of piperine(5, 10, 20, 30 mg/L) on the growth and development of Aedes albopictus larvae. The morphology of larvae with developmental abnormalities, as well as the number of larvae that pupated, emerged and died were recorded. The pupation rate, eclosion rate and mortality rate were also calculated. The mortality rate of Aedes albopictus larvae was observed after 48 h of treatment with various concentrations of piperine(5, 10, 20, 25, 30mg/L). Regression analysis was performed to calculate the lethal concentration of 50%(LC_(50)) and 95%CI of piperine for fourth instar larvae. Results In the early stage of piperine treatment, the activity of Aedes albopictus larvae was normal, but the frequency of larval activity decreased after 1 h. The frequency of larval activity in the high concentration(20, 30 mg/L) group was significantly lower than that in the low concentration group(5, 10 mg/L). After 12 h, different numbers of larvae died in each concentration group. Some larvae moved slowly, but they could escape and surface after being stimulated by light touch with a slender glass stick. Most of the dead larvae sank to the bottom of the water, and its trunk was atrophic, stiff and partially black. Some dead larvae floated on the surface and sank after being touched. The surviving larvae treated with piperine entered pupal stage, but some of them died in pupal stage. There were two main forms of dead pupae, including naked pupae without new epidermis and pupae with pigmentation epidermis. Compared with the blank control group, the pupation rate(χ^(2)=25.185, 63.602, 241.359, 322.105) and eclosion rate (χ^(2)=5.046, 14.203, 68.629) of Aedes albopictus larvae treated with piperine at different concentrations(5, 10, 20, 30 mg/L) decreased signi

关 键 词：白纹伊蚊 发育 胡椒碱 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]