小学教室天然采光与人工照明的融合调查研究  

A Field Investigation of Integrated Daylighting and Artificial Lighting in Primary School Classrooms

作　　者：金玲[1,2] 薛鹏 石佳欣 潘晴[1,2] 罗涛 张伟荣 邓高峰 梁青璇 JIN Ling;XUE Peng;SHI Jiaxin;PAN Qing;LUO Tao;ZHANG Weirong;DENG Gaofeng;LIANG Qingxuan(Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Faculty of Architecture,Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]绿色建筑环境与节能技术北京市重点实验室,北京工业大学,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学城市建设学部,北京工业大学,北京100124 [3]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第6期251-263,共13页Building Science

基　　金：西藏自治区科技计划项目“藏式民居建筑低碳改造方法研究”(XZ202301YD0009C);国际合作项目IEA SHC Task 70(Low Carbon,High Comfort Integrated Lighting)。

摘　　要：随着学生近视率的增加,室内光环境受到更多关注。目前关于教室光环境的研究和标准将天然采光与人工照明割裂而谈,对于普遍存在的融合照明(白天室内照明受天然光和人工光的同时作用)情况缺乏基础的调查研究。本研究基于北京某小学,对教室不同融合照明场景的数量与质量,即照度水平和视觉舒适,开展调查。结果显示,仅依靠天然采光教室远窗处照度较低,照度极不均匀,无法全天候提供充足的照度,需使用人工照明,形成融合照明;对于近窗处照度过高问题,采取遮阳措施。综合运用天然光、人工光和适当的遮阳措施,照度均匀性从0.45提高到了0.73,统一眩光值最高值从20.48降低到10.54,表明适当的遮阳结合人工照明可以提供足够的照度与很小的眩光概率。With the increase in the prevalence of myopia among students,the indoor luminous environment has received increasing attention.The current research and standards on the classroom luminous environment separate natural lighting from artificial lighting,and there is limited research on the commonly-seen integrated lighting(indoor lighting is affected by daylight and artificial light at the same time).Based on a primary school in Beijing,this study investigated the quantity and quality of different integrated lighting scenarios in classrooms,i.e.,illuminance levels and visual comfort.The results show that the illuminance away from windows that only rely on daylighting is low,the illuminance uniformity is poor,failing to provide sufficient illuminance throughout the day.Therefore,artificial lighting should be used to form integrated lighting.For the excessive illuminance near the window,shading measures should be taken.Using daylighting,artificial lighting,and appropriate shading measures comprehensively,the uniformity of illuminance increased from 0.45 to 0.73,and the highest value of unified glare rating dropped from 20.48 to 10.54,indicating that proper shading combined with artificial lighting can provide sufficient illuminance and a small glare probability.

关 键 词：天然采光 人工照明 融合照明 高动态范围成像技术 眼动 

分 类 号：TU120[建筑科学—建筑理论]