极端低温条件下北京市无供暖地下车库温度的实测分析  

Measurement and Analysis of the Temperature of Unheated Underground Garages in Beijing Under Extreme Low Temperature Conditions

作　　者：李雨婷 LI Yuting(Beijing Institute of Architectural Design Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市建筑设计研究院股份有限公司,北京100045

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第6期283-288,共6页Building Science

摘　　要：针对寒冷地区地下车库是否需要设置集中供暖的争议问题,以北京市某无供暖地下机动车库为研究对象,对其冬季温度状况进行了持续4年的测试研究,获得了在北京市近50年极端低温条件下的地下车库温度变化实测数据。并对消火栓水管进行了低温冻结试验。结果表明:在气象台实测气温达到-19.6℃的极端低温条件下,地下一层超过一半区域的空气温度仍高于0℃,地下二层的空气温度高于5℃。无保温的消火栓水管在-6℃的低温环境下需要29 h才能完全冻结,采取保温措施后需要107 h才能完全冻结,可见保温的消火栓管道具有较好的低温防冻能力。因此从节能和节省投资考虑,寒冷地区地下车库不宜设置集中供暖,但消防自动喷淋系统应采用预作用式或干式系统,地下一层出入口附近的消火栓水管应采取保温和电伴热等防冻措施。这些实测数据及其分析结果为寒冷地区地下车库的供暖设计和消防管道防冻设计提供了重要依据。Focusing on the argument of whether underground garages in cold zones need centralized heating,an underground garage without heating in Beijing was selected as the research case,and the winter air temperature of the garage was continuously measured for four years.The measurement data were collected for the underground garage temperature changes under the lowest temperature conditions within the past 50 years in Beijing,and low-temperature freezing experiment was conducted on the fire hydrant water pipes.The results show that under the extreme low temperature of-19.6 ℃ in the meteorological observatory,the air temperature in over half of the underground first floor area remains above 0 ℃,and the overall air temperature in the underground second floor exceeds 5 ℃.The fire hydrant water pipe without thermal insulation takes 29 h to complete freezing in a low temperature environment of-6 ℃,and 107 h to complete freezing after thermal insulation measure was taken.This indicates that the fire hydrant water pipe with thermal insulation has good low temperature antifreezing ability.Therefore,from the energy-saving and economic standpoint,centralized heating is not necessary for underground garages in cold zones,but the automatic sprinkling system should adopt a pre-action or dry type system,and local antifreezing measures such as thermal insulation and electric heat tracing should still be considered for the fire hydrant water pipe at the area near entrance and exit of the underground first floor.The measurement data and analysis results can provide basis for the heating design and the fire hose antifreeze design of underground garages in cold zones.

关 键 词：地下车库 无供暖 温度测试 防冻 北京市 

分 类 号：TU832[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]