不同类型农膜使用对温室土壤养分和辣椒产量的影响  

Effects of Different Types of Agricultural Film on Soil Nutrients and Chilli Yield in Greenhouse

作　　者：周天美 陆静 李梦琳 翟维杰 施林林 陆长婴[1,4] 董林林 ZHOU Tianmei;LU Jing;LI Menglin;ZHAI Weijie;SHI Linlin;LU Changying;DONG linlin(National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality,Xiangcheng,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215155;Taicang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Taicang,Jiangsu 215400;Taicang Xinhu Huiming Vegetable Professional Cooperative,Taicang,Jiangsu 215400;Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215105)

机构地区：[1]国家土壤质量相城观测实验站,江苏苏州215155 [2]太仓市农业技术推广中心,江苏太仓215400 [3]太仓市新湖惠民蔬菜专业合作社,江苏太仓215400 [4]苏州市农业科学院,江苏苏州215105

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第21期61-68,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省级农业生态保护与资源化利用专项“太仓市农膜、农药废弃包装回收利用”(21057);苏州市科技计划项目“双碳目标下环太湖地区优质稻米绿色低碳生产关键技术”(SNG2022071)。

摘　　要：为了研究温室大棚内不同类型农膜使用的残留状况,并分析使用不同类型的农膜对土壤养分和辣椒产量的影响,本研究设不覆膜处理为对照(P_(1)),覆0.01 mm黑色PE膜(P_(2))、0.006 mm黑色PBAT膜(P_(3))、0.008 mm黑色PBAT膜(P_(4))、0.01 mm黑色PBAT65%+PPC35%膜(P_(5))和0.01 mm白色PBAT65%+PPC35%膜(P6)等6个处理分析辣椒产量、农膜残留量和土壤养分。结果表明:使用不同类型的农膜都能够增加辣椒产量,改善土壤水分条件,农膜的残留量及其对土壤养分的影响因农膜类型的不同存在差异。与不覆膜处理相比,所有覆膜处理的土壤速效钾含量均增加;P_(2)、P_(3)和P_(4)处理的土壤速效磷增加,P_(5)和P6处理的速效磷含量降低;使用不同类型的农覆处理均能增加辣椒产量和植株鲜重,使用0.006 mm黑色PBAT膜的效果最显著;0.01 mm白色PBAT65%+PPC35%膜的残留量最大,0.01 mm黑色PE膜的降解量最多,降解率也最高。主成分分析结果表明,农膜降解率、铵态氮和速效磷是影响辣椒产量最主要的因素。综合而言,温室大棚内使用0.006 mm黑色PBAT膜更有利于增加辣椒产量和土壤养分含量,是温室大棚蔬菜生产的可选材料。In order to study the residual status of agricultural film used in greenhouses and analyze the effects of different types of agricultural films on soil nutrients and chilli yield,this study set the no mulching treatment as the control(P_(1)),and six treatments covered with 0.01 mm black PE film(P_(2)),0.006 mm black PBAT film(P_(3)),0.008 mm black PBAT film(P_(4)),0.01 mm black PBAT65%+PPC35% film(P_(5)),and 0.01 mm white PBAT65%+PPC35% film(P6),to analyze chilli yield,residual amount of agricultural film and soil nutrients.The results showed that using different types of agricultural film could increase chilli yield,improve soil moisture conditions,and the residual amount of agricultural film and its impact on soil nutrients differed from different types of agricultural film.Compared to the control,the content of available potassium increased in all film covering treatments;the content of soil available phosphorus increased in P_(2),P_(3),and P_(4) treatments,while soil available phosphorus content decreased in P_(5) and P6 treatments.The use of different types of agricultural mulching treatments can increase the yield and fresh weight of chilli,and the effect of 0.006 mm black PBAT film was most significant;The 0.01 mm white PBAT65%+PPC35% film had the highest residual amount,while the 0.01 mm black PE film had the highest degradation amount and degradation rate.The results of principal component analysis indicated that the degradation rate of agricultural film,ammonium nitrogen,and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting the yield of chilli.Overall,the use of 0.006 mm black PBAT film in greenhouses is more conducive to increasing chilli yield and soil nutrient content,making it an optional material for vegetable production in greenhouses.

关 键 词：可生物降解膜 土壤养分 降解率 产量 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]