基于育秧机插新技术创制的中国双季稻区“稻-稻-油”三熟制模式优化研究  

Preliminary Discussion on Creation of New Technology of Raising Mechanical Transplanting Seedling and Model Construction of Rice-Rice-Rapeseed Triple Cropping System in Double-Cropping Rice Area of China

作　　者：文喜贤 孙明珠 刘凯丽 罗细芽 焦敏 邹尚峰 胡雨 WEN Xixian;SUN Mingzhu;LIU Kaili;LUO Xiya;JIAO Min;ZOU Shangfeng;HU Yu(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330046)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业技术推广中心,南昌330046

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第20期9-19,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：本研究围绕提高中国双季稻区“稻-稻-油”三熟制的发展现状及可持续性展开,以江西省为研究对象,深入分析了该模式当前面临的主要挑战。研究发现,由于茬口紧张和较低的比较效益,农民对该模式的采纳率不高。通过解决水稻、油菜机播育苗移栽环节的瓶颈问题,本研究提出了培育长秧龄带蘖壮秧的新技术目标。利用钵体毯盘技术实现了精量稀播匀播,成功培育了早稻35 d的长秧龄壮秧以及中、晚稻30 d的长秧龄带蘖壮秧,有效缓解了“稻-稻-油”三熟制的茬口紧张问题。本研究的成果不仅提高了“稻-稻-油”模式的实际可操作性,还为促进农业机械化和提升作物生产效率提供了新的思路。This paper summarizes the development status of the rice-rice-rapeseed triple cropping system in Jiangxi Province,and analyzes the current situation that farmers do not accept the model of rice-rice-rapeseed triple cropping system due to the superposition of the two factors of intensive crops rotation and low comparative benefit.It is clear that solving the bottleneck restriction of intensive crops rotation is the key to break farmers'refusal to accept the rice-rice-rapeseed model.Furthermore,for solving the bottleneck problems and symptoms of rice and rape machine sowing seedling transplanting,the new technical goal of cultivating long seedling age with tillers and strong seedlings was put forward.The pot blanket plate was used to realize the precise,sparse and uniform sowing,and the 35-day long seedling age and strong seedlings of early rice and the 30-day long seedling age with tillers and strong seedlings of middle and late rice were cultivated,so as to solve the contradiction of the intensive crops rotation of triple cropping system.

关 键 词：水稻 育秧机插新技术 “稻-稻-油”新模式 三熟制 茬口紧张 技术创制 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学] S565.4