摘薹与追肥对油蔬两用油菜产量及品质的影响研究  

Effect of Stalk Picking and Topdressing Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Rapeseed

作　　者：李子婧 吕伟生 罗军元 王馨悦 张晨 夏晶 刘小三 余小芸 肖国滨 柴晓明 LI Zijing;LV Weisheng;LUO Junyuan;WANG Xinyue;ZHANG Chen;XIA Jing;LIU Xiaosan;YU Xiaoyun;XIAO Guobin;CHAI Xiaoming(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Genetic Resource,Nanchang 330046)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,南昌330046

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第20期27-30,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项“南昌综合试验站”(CARS-12);江西省油菜产业技术体系专项“栽培岗”(JXARS-08)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨油蔬两用油菜栽培模式的优化,特别是摘薹和追肥处理对油菜生育进程、产量及籽粒品质的影响。以‘赣油杂8号’为试验品种,比较了不摘薹、摘薹不追肥、摘薹追施尿素和摘薹追施复合肥4种处理的效果。结果显示,摘薹和追肥处理分别使油菜的生育期延长了5 d和2 d。虽然摘薹处理导致油菜籽产量和产油率有所下降,分别降低了3.99%和6.64%,但这种降低并未达到统计学上的显著水平。值得注意的是,摘薹显著提高了油菜籽的蛋白质含量,增幅为4.11%。进一步分析表明,与摘薹不追肥相比,摘薹后追施复合肥能显著增加油菜籽、菜籽油和蛋白质的产量,分别提高了12.07%、15.14%和7.97%。因此,摘薹后追施复合肥是一种有效的农艺措施,它不仅能缓解摘薹对油菜生长的不利影响,还能同步提升油菜籽的产量和品质。这些发现为油蔬两用油菜的栽培管理提供了重要的实践指导。To provide reference for the promotion of the oil-vegetable double usage rapeseed cultivation model,this study used‘Ganyouza 8’as the experimental material to analyze the changes in the growth process,yield,and rapeseed quality of rapeseed under four treatments:no stalk picking,stalk picking but no topdressing,urea application after stalk picking,and compound fertilizer application after stalk picking.The results showed that stalk picking and topdressing treatments prolonged the growth period of rapeseed by 5 days and 2 days,respectively.Stalk picking treatment reduced the yield and oil production rate of rapeseed by 3.99% and 6.64%,respectively,without reaching a significant level.It would significantly increase the protein content of rapeseed by 4.11%.Compared with the treatment of stalk picking without topdressing,the treatment of applying compound fertilizer after stalk picking significantly increased the yield of rapeseed,rapeseed oil,and protein,with increase rates of 12.07%,15.14%,and 7.97%,respectively.In short,applying compound fertilizer after stalk picking is an effective agronomic measure,which could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of stalk picking on rapeseed,and simultaneously improve the yield and quality of rapeseed seeds.These findings provide important practical guidance for the cultivation and management of oilseed rape..

关 键 词：摘薹 追肥 油蔬两用 产量 油菜籽品质 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]