湘南烟稻轮作区植烟土壤养分时空演变特征及肥力评价  

Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients and Fertility Evaluation of Tobacco-planting Soil in Tobacco-rice Rotation Area of Hunan Province

作　　者：郝汉驰 李耀 肖子曼 陈莎莎 彭赛 林小若 苏梦洁 肖艳松 李小慧 刘勇军 侯红波 龙坚 彭佩钦 HAO Hanchi;LI Yao;XIAO Ziman;CHEN Shasha;PENG Sai;LIN Xiaoruo;SU Mengjie;XIAO Yansong;LI Xiaohui;LIU Yongjun;HOU Hongbo;LONG Jian;PENG Peiqin(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004;Hunan Chenzhou Municipal Tobacco Company,Chenzhou,Hunan 423015;Hunan Yongzhou Municipal Tobacco Company,Yongzhou,Hunan 425000;Hunan Tobacco Science Institute,Changsha 410004)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程学院,长沙410004 [2]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423015 [3]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000 [4]湖南省烟草科学研究所,长沙410004

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第20期54-64,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点研发项目“烟-稻轮作区植烟土健康质量评价与保育技术研发与应用”(中烟办〔2021〕150号)。

摘　　要：为了解湘南烟稻轮作区植烟土壤肥力变化特征及当前土壤肥力水平,更好地管理植烟土壤资源及培肥改良土壤提供依据。以郴州市和永州市下辖10个地区为研究区域,通过对2010、2015、2022年土壤pH、有机质及其关键元素进行综合分析,系统评价了土壤肥力的变化情况。结果表明:相比2010年,2022年湘南烟稻轮作区植烟土壤pH和有效锰相对稳定,土壤有机质、碱解氮、全钾和有效钼分别下降了9.78%、19.71%、32.37%和66.67%,而全磷、有效磷和速效钾却分别显著上升了26.37%、76.78%和122.53%,土壤中微量元素(水溶性氯、有效铁、有效铜、有效硼和交换性镁)也出现显著增加。经过12年的生产利用,湘南各地区土壤综合肥力值均有提升,稻作烟区综合肥力指数整体提高了0.190个单位,肥力等级由中等提升至较高等级,肥力显著提高。烟草施肥应稳pH控氮、磷增钾,增施钼元素肥料,保持锰元素施肥水平,减少氯和锌等中微量元素肥料的用量。To clarify the change characteristics and current soil fertility level of tobacco-planting soil in the tobacco-rice rotation area of southern Hunan Province,and provide theoretical basis for better management of tobacco-planting soil resources and soil improvement through fertilizer cultivation,soil pH,organic matters and key elements of 10 regions under the administration of Chenzhou City and Yongzhou City in 2010,2015 and 2022 were comprehensively analyzed,and the changes of soil fertility were evaluated systematically as well.The results showed that,compared with 2010,the pH and available manganese of tobacco soil in the southern Hunan tobacco rice rotation area in 2022 were relatively stable,while soil organic matter,alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen,total potassium and available molybdenum decreased by 9.78%,19.71%,32.37% and 66.67%,respectively.However,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly by 26.37%,76.78% and 122.53%,respectively.The trace elements in soil(water-soluble chlorine,available iron,available copper,available boron and exchangeable magnesium)also increased significantly.After 12 years of production and utilization,the comprehensive fertility value of soil in all regions of southern Hunan was improved,and the overall comprehensive fertility index of rice-growing tobacco area was increased by 0.190 units,and the fertility grade was increased from medium to higher grade,the soil fertility was significantly improved.Above all,under the premise of stabilizing the soil pH value,tobacco fertilization should strictly control the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus,increase the application of molybdenum,maintain the amount of manganese,and reduce the amount of medium and trace element fertilizers such as chlorine and zinc.

关 键 词：植烟土壤 烟稻轮作 肥力评价 肥力变化 

分 类 号：S572.061[农业科学—烟草工业]