煤气化粗渣特性分析及利用技术研究进展  

Review on characteristics and resource utilization of coal gasification coarse slag

作　　者：张可伟 廖昌建 王晶 金平 王坤 徐婉怡 ZHANG Kewei;LIAO Changjian;WANG Jing;JIN Ping;WANG Kun;XU Wanyi(Chemical Institute of China Petrochemical Corporation,Beijing100728,China;Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals,Dalian116000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工集团公司化工事业部,北京100728 [2]中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2024年第7期13-29,共17页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司资助项目(CHG23085)。

摘　　要：煤气化是实现煤炭清洁高效利用的核心技术,我国煤气化渣产量大、利用率低,通常采用堆存与填埋方式处置,造成严重的土地资源浪费与环境污染。气化渣的资源化利用已成为煤化工行业的研究重点,尤其是占气化渣总排放量70%~80%的气化粗渣。介绍了3种主要煤气化工艺及气化粗渣的形成过程,总结了气化粗渣的理化特性与环境风险,归纳了气化粗渣在建材化利用、土壤改良及高值化利用方面的研究进展。受煤种、煤气化工艺等主要控制因素影响,不同来源气化粗渣的理化特性与环境风险不尽相同,但具有一定共同性。从理化特性看,粗渣粒径远高于细渣,约50%以上粗渣粒径超过0.5 mm,且小于0.5 mm各粒度级粗渣含量随粒径减小而降低,粗渣还具有较小的比表面积和较大的平均孔径。粗渣中残炭含量低于细渣,粗渣残炭质量分数在3%~20%且在各粒度级内分配不均,0.25 mm左右中等粒度级粗渣残炭含量较高。粗渣中无机组分均以SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3为主,其中酸性氧化物占45%~75%,碱性氧化物占20%~45%。从环境风险看,气化粗渣中存在一定重金属富集现象,富集较多的重金属包括Ba、Co、Cs、Th等亲石元素与Cr、Ni等难挥发或半挥发性元素。此外,粗渣中Ni、Cd、As、Cu与Zn等重金属的酸可提取态含量较高,具有较大环境风险,需特别关注。粗渣的理化特性及其环境风险对适用的资源化利用方式影响较大:粗渣由于残炭含量较低、硅铝等无机组分含量较高,可广泛应用于矿井回填、筑路、水泥与混凝土、陶粒与墙体材料等建材化利用领域;残炭含量较高的气化粗渣具有更疏松多孔的结构特征,可用于土壤改良;粗渣的特殊结构和丰富的硅铝组分使粗渣在制备多孔吸附材料及制备陶瓷方面潜力很大;粗渣还可用于制备催化剂或提取回收氧化铝等其他高值化利用。气化粗渣中含有一定种Coal gasification is the core technology to achieve clean and efficient utilization of coal.In China,the output of coal gasification slag is large while the utilization rate is low.Coal gasification slag is usually disposed by storage and landfill,resulting in serious waste of land resources and environmental pollution.The resource utilization of coal gasification slag has become the research emphasis of coal chemical industry,especially the coal gasification coarse slag,which accounts for 70%-80%of the total coal gasification slag.In this paper,three coal gasification processes and the formation of coal gasification coarse slag were introduced,and the physicochemical charac-teristics and environmental risks of coal gasification coarse slag were summarized,and the research progress of coal gasification coarse slag in the utilization of building materials,soil improvement and high value utilization were sum up.Affected by the main control factors such as coal type and coal gasification process,the physical and chemical characteristics and environmental risks of the gasification coarse slag from different sources are not the same,but they do have some commonalities.The particle size of coarse slag is much higher than that of fine slag,about 50%of coarse slag has a particle size of more than 0.5 mm,and the content of coarse slag of different particle sizes less than 0.5 mm decreases with the decrease of particle size,and the coarse slag also has a smaller specific surface area and a larger average pore size.The carbon residue content of coarse slag is lower than that of fine slag,and the carbon residue content of coarse slag is general-ly in the range of 3%-20%,which is unevenly distributed in different particle size grade.Generally,the medium particle size coarse slag of about 0.25 mm has a higher carbon residue content.The inorganic components in the slag are mainly SiO2,Al2O3,CaO and Fe2O3,of which the acid oxides account for 45%-75%,while the basic oxides account for about 20%-45%.There is a certain enrichment o

关 键 词：煤气化粗渣 理化特性 重金属 资源化利用 建材化 土壤改良 高值化 

分 类 号：TQ546[化学工程—煤化学工程] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]