注射体积对老年患者中等量基底节区脑出血微创穿刺术后临床疗效的影响  

Effect of injection volume on clinical efficacy after minimally invasive puncture and drainage in the treatment of moderate basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage underlying controlling the dosage of drugs in the elderly

作　　者：王亮[1] 董伟[1] 郑炼 张金淼 袁丁[1] 陈果[1] WANG Liang;DONG Wei;ZHENG Lian;ZHANG Jinmiao;YUAN Ding;CHENG Guo(Department of neurosurgery,The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing,Chongqing 400036,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市第五人民医院神经外科,重庆400036

出　　处：《中国神经精神疾病杂志》2024年第5期268-273,共6页Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases

基　　金：重庆市南岸区卫生健康委员会课题(编号:渝南岸卫研-2014092)。

摘　　要：目的探讨药物总量控制下注射体积对老年患者中等量基底节区脑出血微创穿刺术后临床疗效的影响。方法以血肿最大层面长轴中心点为穿刺点,CT引导穿刺,穿刺成功后抽吸液态血肿,控制血肿腔内单次尿激酶总量4.0×10^(4)U,注射体积分别为2 mL和4 mL,根据术后CT结果调整针体深度,并根据血肿清除情况拔针。比较两组术后血肿清除率、颅内压、血肿周围水肿体积、总死亡率、并发症发生率、神经功能缺失评分(neurological deficit score,NDS)和日常生活能力评定(activities of daily living,ADL)结果。结果两组患者术后首次血肿清除率(31.17%±1.46%vs.30.50%±1.69%)、术后颅内压、总死亡率无明显差异(P均>0.05)。大体积组术后1 d(77.30%±3.75%vs.62.77%±3.89%),2 d(91.43%±4.05%vs.80.12%±4.15%),拔针前(92.35%±4.83%vs.85.9%±3.59%)血肿清除率明显高于小体积组(P<0.05)。大体积组留针时间(1.8 d±0.2 d vs.3.1 d±0.4 d,P<0.05)、尿激酶总用量(24.3×10^(4)U±2.3×10^(4)U vs.36.5×10^(4)U±4.7×10^(4)U,P<0.05)均少于小体积组(P<0.05)。大体积组术后3 d(11.33 mL±2.32 mL vs.16.45 mL±1.97 mL)、5 d(14.59 mL±2.11 mL vs.21.37 mL±2.43 mL)、7 d(22.79 mL±3.15 mL vs.30.15 mL±4.04 mL)、14 d(12.41 mL±1.95 mL vs.19.38 mL±2.47 mL)血肿周围水肿体积少于小体积组(P<0.05)。大体积组术后28 d、3个月、6个月NDS[分别为(22.35±2.49 vs.28.14±2.95)、(16.43±2.17 vs.23.81±2.56)、(11.39±1.87 vs.17.74±2.03)]及ADL评分[分别为(44.76±4.22 vs.36.15±2.36)、(62.55±3.81 vs.51.39±2.45)、(77.53±3.76 vs.60.81±4.35)]优于小体积组(P<0.05)。大体积组术后并发症发生率低于小体积组(P<0.05)。结论大体积注射法能更有效引流血肿,缩短留针时间,减少尿激酶用量,降低术后并发症发生率,改善患者预后,是老年中等量基底节区脑出血微创穿刺术后提高疗效的有效方法。Objective To investigate the effect of injection volume on clinical efficacy after minimally invasive puncture and drainage in the treatment of moderate basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage underlying controlling the dosage of drugs in the elderly.Methods After successfully inserting the puncture needle into the center point in the largest layer long axis,the liquid hematoma was aspirated,and 40,000 units urokinase was injected into the hematoma cavity twice a day(2 mL in the small volume Group(SG),and 4 mL in the large volume group(LG),respectively).The needle were then adjusted and removed according to the hematoma clearance.The clearance rate of hematoma,intracranial pressure,edema volume,mortality,incidence of complications,neurological deficit score(NDS)and activities of daily living(ADL)were compared and analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in the first hematoma clearance rate,postoperative ICP and mortality between the two groups(P>0.05).Comparing to the SG,there was a relative higher postoperative hematoma clearance rate and lower volume of perihematoma edema in the LG(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the needle retention time,urokinase usage and cumulative complications at 28 days after operation were lower than in the SG(P<0.05).For two parameters representing long-term outcome,the NDS and ADL scores were much better in LG than in SG(P<0.05).Conclusion Large volume injection can effectively drain the hematoma,shorten the needle retention time,reduce the usage of urokinase,decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the prognosis of patients,thereby providing effective and safe method in treating moderate basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage in the elderly.

关 键 词：微创穿刺 基底节区 脑出血 体积 老年 血肿清除率 颅内压 

分 类 号：R651[医药卫生—外科学] R605[医药卫生—临床医学]