高温环境下的训练与比赛:科学评估与实践  

Training and Competition in High-Temperature Environments:Scientific Assessment and Practice

作　　者：刘诗杰 黄鹏 耿雪 瞿超艺 饶志坚[1,5] 房国梁 赵杰修[1] LIU Shijie;HUANG Peng;GENG Xue;QU Chaoyi;RAO Zhijian;FANG Guoliang;ZHAO Jiexiu(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 201418,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]上海体育大学,上海200438 [3]北京体育大学,北京100084 [4]河北师范大学,河北石家庄050024 [5]上海师范大学,上海201418

出　　处：《体育科研》2024年第4期1-13,20,共14页Sport Science Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371195);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M740870)。

摘　　要：高温环境下的训练和比赛可能对运动员的身体机能和运动表现产生负面影响。系统探讨高温环境对运动员机能的影响,分别围绕高温运动前、运动中、运动后3个阶段,提出相应的应对策略。建议运动前进行全面的身体状态评估、生理生化指标评估、热应激测试、心理评估、既往经验和表现评估、环境评估等;在运动中应控制训练强度,提前进行热习服训练、补充电解质饮品、实时监测体温和心率,以及采取防晒和降温措施等;运动后应采取适当的降温、复水与营养补充和现场救治策略等。同时,建议赛事组织方优化赛程及赛中降温设施,旨在为运动员和教练员提供科学的指导和建议,帮助其在高温环境下进行更安全和高效的训练和比赛。Training and competition in high-temperature environments may negatively impact athletes'physical function and performance.This review systematically explores the impact of high-temperature environments on athletes'functions and proposes corresponding coping strategies.The discussion is structured into three stages:before,during,and after exercise in high temperatures.Before exercise,comprehensive assessments of physical condition,physiological and biochemical indicators,heat stress testing,psychological evaluations,past experience and performance evaluations,and environmental assessments should be conducted.During exercise,it is essential to control training intensity,conduct preemptive heat acclimation training,supplement with electrolyte drinks,monitor body temperature and heart rate in real-time,and take measures for sun protection and cooling.After exercise,appropriate cooling measures,rehydration,nutritional supplementation,and on-site medical treatment strategies should be implemented.Additionally,event organizers are advised to optimize the schedule and enhance cooling facilities during competitions.This review aims to provide scientific guidance and recommendations for athletes and coaches,helping them conduct safer and more efficient training and competitions in high-temperature environments.

关 键 词：高温 运动 补液 降温策略 运动性热病 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]