凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用表征聚合物摩尔质量的实验教学改革  

Experimental teaching reform of polymer molar mass determination using gel permeation chromatography coupled with light scattering

作　　者：乔从德[1] 杨文轲 李仲伟 刘钦泽[1] 姚金水[1] QIAO Congde;YANG Wenke;LI Zhongwei;LIU Qinze;YAO Jinshui(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250353,China)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)材料科学与工程学院,山东济南250353

出　　处：《色谱》2024年第8期812-817,共6页Chinese Journal of Chromatography

摘　　要：凝胶渗透色谱-光散射(gel permeation chromatography-light scatting,GPC-LS)联用是目前最常用的表征聚合物摩尔质量的方法之一,具有灵敏度高、结果准确等特点,在科学研究与生产实践中得到了广泛应用。“凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用表征聚合物摩尔质量”是《高分子物理实验》课程中一个重要的教学内容。然而,目前的GPC-LS实验教学内容简单,缺乏深度。本文在该实验项目原有内容的基础上进行扩充,重新设计出多套实验项目:(1)选取商品化的聚苯乙烯为实验样品,利用GPC-LS对其摩尔质量、摩尔质量分布以及回转半径等分子结构参数进行表征;(2)选取两种分子结构参数接近的聚丙烯腈样品,借助质量微分分布曲线揭示这两种样品在摩尔质量分布中的细微差别;(3)选取一系列不同摩尔质量的聚乙二醇为实验样品,通过比较其色谱图分析摩尔质量的高低对色谱峰的影响;(4)选取3种不同的聚合物(聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚β-环糊精)样品,借助构象图对其分子链的构象进行分析。此外,本文对实验教学方法进行了改革,将被动学习转变为主动学习,提高了学生的自主学习能力。通过本实验项目的教学改革探索,使学生能更加全面地理解凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用的原理及应用,开拓了学生的知识视野,激发了学生的学习热情,提升了实验教学效果。Gel permeation chromatography coupled with light scattering(GPC-LS)is among the most common methods for determining the molar masses of polymers.GPC-LS is widely used in polymer science research and has been adopted for many industrial applications owing to its high sensitivity,accuracy,and precision.The determination of polymer molar masses using GPC-LS is an important experimental component of the“Polymer Physics Experiments”course.However,the present GPC-LS experimental teaching content tends to be overly simplistic and lacking in depth.Herein,the original experimental content is expanded and multiple sets of experiments are redesigned:(1)Using commercial polystyrene as an experimental sample,the molar mass,molar mass distribution,radius of gyration,and other molecular structure parameters are determined using GPC-LS;(2)Using two polyacrylonitriles with similar molecular structure parameters,subtle differences in the molar mass distributions of the samples are explored using differential mass distribution curves;(3)By comparing the chromatograms of a series of polyethylene glycols with different molar masses,the effect of molar mass on chromatographic peaks is investigated;and(4)For three different polymers(polyacrylonitrile,poly(methyl methacrylate),and poly(β-cyclodextrin)),the polymer chain conformations are analyzed using conformation plots(i.e.,radius of gyration vs.molar mass).In addition,the experimental teaching method is modified to convert passive learning into active learning,thereby improving the students’self-directed learning ability.This experimental teaching reform will help students obtain a more comprehensive understanding of GPC-LS principles and applications,stimulate their enthusiasm for learning,and improve the teaching quality of the experimental course.

关 键 词：凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用 验证性实验 设计性实验 教学改革 

分 类 号：O658[理学—分析化学]