基于量子隧道效应的量子随机数发生器研究进展  

Progress on electronic quantum random number generator based on quantum tunneling effect

作　　者：刘宇轩[1] 白玉明 杨哲 李俊林[1] LIU Yuxuan;BAI Yuming;YANG Zhe;LI Junlin(State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics,Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics Ministry of Education,Department of Physics,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学物理系低维量子物理国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]首都师范大学物理系太赫兹光电子学教育部重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《信息通信技术与政策》2024年第7期48-58,共11页Information and Communications Technology and Policy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51727805)。

摘　　要：从2000年开始,量子随机数发生器(Quantum Random Number Generator,QRNG)逐渐受到广泛关注。与算法或经典物理系统随机数发生器相比,QRNG的量子随机源不由确定性的算法或方程描述,仅由波函数进行概率描述,具有内禀随机性。目前,QRNG方案大多基于光子体系。近年来,基于电子体系的量子随机数发生器(electronic Quantum Random Number Generator,eQRNG)方案相继被提出。与光子QRNG相比,eQRNG没有电-光-电转换,有效避免了转换过程中经典噪声的影响,在随机性上具有更大优势,且结构简单、系统稳定,与半导体工艺兼容,具有可集成性。基于此,通过介绍基于量子隧道效应的eQRNG研究进展,包括基于隧道二极管的eQRNG、基于范德瓦尔斯异质结的eQRNG与基于雪崩光电二极管的eQRNG等,阐述了eQRNG在随机性与量子性上的独特优势。Since 2000,quantum random number generators(QRNGs)have been receiving increasing attention.Compared to random number generators based on algorithms or classical systems,QRNGs derive their randomness from quantum sources,which are not described by algorithms or equations deterministically but are described by wave functions probabilistically,exhibiting intrinsic randomness.Currently,most QRNGs are based on photonic systems.In recent years,electronic Quantum Random Number Generator(eQRNG)schemes have been proposed.Compared to photonic QRNGs,eQRNGs do not involve electrical-optical-electrical conversion,effectively avoiding the influence of classical noise during the conversion process.This provides an obvious benefit in randomness.Furthermore,the advantages of eQRNGs lie in simple structure,stability,compatibility with semiconductor technology,and the potential for integration.This paper introduces the progress of eQRNGs based on the quantum tunneling effect,including eQRNGs based on tunnel diode,van der Waals heterojunction,and avalanche photodiode.This paper also elaborates on the advantages of eQRNGs in randomness.

关 键 词：随机数 量子随机数发生器 量子隧道效应 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]