科技发达国家国家实验室管理运行机制及其对我国的启示——以美国、英国、德国、日本为例  

Management Mode and Operation Mechanism of National Laboratories:the Experiences from the USA,the UK,Germany and Japan

作　　者：王戬 李春红[1] 谢文海 李冬凉[1] WANG Jian;LI Chunhong;XIE Wenhai;LI Dongliang(Discipline Planning Department,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China;Westlake Laboratory,Hangzhou 310024,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院学科规划处,上海200025 [2]西湖实验室,杭州310024

出　　处：《实验室研究与探索》2024年第7期100-106,115,共8页Research and Exploration In Laboratory

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划软科学重点项目(21692190600);上海交通大学文科科研创新培育项目(WKCX2019);上海交通大学医学院思政教育研究基金项目(SZ-2021-02);上海交通大学中国医院发展研究院医院管理建设项目(CHDI-2023-B-02)。

摘　　要：每一个科技强国都离不开一流科研机构的支撑。国家实验室作为国家战略科技力量重要组成部分,其建设受到各国高度重视。以美国、英国、德国、日本4个科技发达国家的国家实验室为研究对象,对其外部管理模式和内部运行机制进行剖析,在规划层次、治理结构、经费保障、用人制度、绩效评估、对外交流和技术转移等方面得到值得借鉴的经验,包括加强顶层设计,突出战略定位;探索“三会”治理模式,构建扁平化组织架构;建立国家财政资助为主,竞争性经费为辅的经费保障机制;坚持科技教育人才“三位一体”,发挥创新要素集聚效应;建立科学考评机制,摒弃急功近利式评价;重视科技成果转化,缝合科技经济“两张皮”等。Any country with strong scientific and technological strength needs the support of first-class scientific research institutions.National laboratory is an important part of national strategic scientific and technological force,and countries all over the world attach great importance to the construction of national laboratories.This investigation analyzed the management mode and operation mechanism of national laboratories in the USA,the UK,Germany and Japan.In order to give some useful suggestions on promoting the development of our own national laboratories,some inspirations were summarized,including strengthening top-level design and highlighting strategic positioning,exploring the council governance model and building a flat organizational structure,establishing a funding guarantee mechanism with national financial support as the main focus and competitive funding as a supplement,adhering to the“trinity”of science,education and talents,and leveraging the agglomeration effect of innovative elements,establishing a scientific evaluation mechanism and abandon the evaluation based on quick success and instant benefits,paying attention to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

关 键 词：科技强国 国家实验室 管理模式 运行机制 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学]