河南省联合体试验小麦品种综合性状分析与评价  

Analysis and Evaluation of Comprehensive Traits of Wheat Varieties in Henan Province Consortium Experiment

作　　者：张会芳[1] 燕照玲[1] 刘海礁[2] 段俊枝[1] 陈海燕[1] 郭燕[1] 王楠 杨翠苹 齐红志[1] ZHANG Huifang;YAN Zhaoling;LIU Haijiao;DUAN Junzhi;CHEN Haiyan;GUO Yan;WANG Nan;YANG Cuiping;QI Hongzhi(Institute of Agricultural Information Technology,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Peanut Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院农业信息技术研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院花生研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第7期35-43,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省软科学研究计划项目(242400410329)。

摘　　要：主要农作物品种审定联合体试验是当前我国农业形势下拓宽作物品种审定试验渠道重点推进的新措施,为深入了解河南省小麦联合体试验容量、掌握其品种农艺性状和品质性状概况,以近3 a(2021—2023年)河南省审定通过的小麦品种为对象,将联合体试验品种与省统一试验品种进行对比分析和评价。结果表明,2021—2023年河南省通过审定的小麦品种合计355个,其中,联合体试验品种187个。联合体试验容量呈上升趋势,品种数量占比由2021年的48.3%上升到2023年的61.2%;试验组别单一,主要为冬水组。冬水组小麦中,申请者独立申请品种时,联合体试验品种中高校和科研院所占比较省统一试验高,个人申请则更倾向于参加省统一试验。联合体试验小麦农艺性状与省统一试验相比差异前期大后期小,7个农艺性状中2021年有5个性状差异显著或极显著、2023年有2个性状差异显著;品质性状差异相对较小,但也表现出前期大后期小的规律,7个品质性状中2021年有2个性状差异显著、2023年均不显著。联合体试验品种的农艺性状、品质性状的变异系数及多样性整体上均大于省统一试验。利用主成分分析将14个农艺性状和品质性状转化为7个主成分,其反映了81.51%的原始信息。基于主成分分析的评价结果表明,综合评价得分排名前50位的品种中,联合体试验小麦品种在其全部品种中占比较小,2021、2023年分别有5、14个,分别占当年全部联合体试验品种数量的9.3%、17.9%;省统一试验小麦品种在其全部品种中占比较大,2021、2023年分别有4、5个,分别占当年全部省统一试验品种数量的19.0%、35.7%。综上,河南省小麦联合体试验容量在不断提升,农艺性状和品质性状离散程度较大,品种综合评价得分与省统一试验差距缩小,相关部门未来可根据市场调整优化试验组别,聚焦联合体试验通道问题,推进联合体试�Consortium experiment is a new measure to broaden the channels of crop variety approval experiment under the current agricultural situation in China.In order to deeply understand the experiment capacity of wheat consortium experiment in Henan Province and master the agronomic traits and quality traits of its varieties,comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted between the consortium experiment varieties and the provincial unified experiment varieties,based on the wheat varieties approved by Henan Province in the past three years(2021—2023).The results showed that Henan Province approved a total of 355 wheat varieties from 2021 to 2023,including 187 consortium experiment varieties.The consortium experiment capacity showed an upward trend,and the proportion of varieties increased from 48.3%in 2021 to 61.2%in 2023.The consortium experimental group was single,mainly including winter wheat⁃irrigation group.In the winter wheat⁃irrigation group,when applicants independently applied for varieties,the proportion of universities and research institutes through consortium experiment channel was higher than that through provincial unified experiment channel,and individual applicants were more inclined to provincial unified experiment channel.Compared with the provincial unified experiment,the difference of agronomic traits of the consortium experiment wheat was larger at the early stage and smaller at the later stage.Among the 7 agronomic traits,5 traits were significantly or extremely significantly different in 2021,and 2 traits were significantly different in 2023.The difference of quality traits was relatively smaller,but also showed the rule of large at the early stage and small at the late stage.Among the 7 quality traits,2 traits were significantly different in 2021,and there was no significant difference in 2023.The variation coefficient and diversity of agronomic and quality traits of the consortium experiment varieties were greater than those of provincial unified experiment varieties.Principal compone

关 键 词：小麦 联合体试验 省统一试验 试验容量 品种性状 主成分分析 综合评价 河南省 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]