不同洪淹时长夏玉米田土壤养分的变化  

Changes of Soil Nutrients in Summer Corn Field during Different Flood Duration

作　　者：黄艳丽 苏辉 黄鹏飞 庄静静 周会萍 HUANG Yanli;SU Hui;HUANG Pengfei;ZHUANG Jingjing;ZHOU Huiping(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Xinxiang University,Xinxiang 453003,China;School of Life Science and Technology,Xinxiang University,Xinxiang 453003,China;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China)

机构地区：[1]新乡学院土木工程与建筑学院,河南新乡453003 [2]新乡学院生命科学技术学院,河南新乡453003 [3]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第7期90-99,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102320104,202102110066)。

摘　　要：选择2021年7月洪水致灾的河南省卫辉市洪淹区典型地块研究洪淹夏玉米田土壤水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及分布变化,为灾后农田复垦提供高效施肥策略。结果表明,不同淹水天数(1~2 d、5~7 d、10~12 d、20~25 d、超过30 d)0~40 cm土层的水解氮分布没有显著性差异,40~60 cm土层淹水≥10 d的土壤水解氮含量显著低于淹水不足10 d的;但20~40、40~60 cm土层速效磷的含量则随淹水天数增加整体呈上升趋势;0~20 cm土层淹水时间越长整体上速效钾含量越高,20~40、40~60 cm土层速效钾含量则随淹水时长增加表现出先下降再升高的趋势;20~40、40~60 cm土层淹水时间越长整体上土壤有机质含量越低,但0~20 cm土层有机质含量随淹水天数增加先升后降,淹水10~12 d有机质含量最高。综上,不同淹水天数夏玉米田土壤养分由于转化与迁移的途径与机制不同,呈现出不同的剖面分布特征,建议洪淹农田及时补施氮肥,补种绿肥提高土壤有机质含量。The study of the distribution and changes of soil hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic matter in typical flooded summer corn fields of Weihui City,Henan Province in July 2021 will provide efficient fertilization strategies for post disaster farmland reclamation.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of hydrolyzed nitrogen within the 0—40 cm soil layer for different flooding duration of 1—2,5—7,10—12,20—25 and over 30 days,while in 40—60 cm soil layer of cultivated land with flooding duration≥10 d it was significantly lower than that of cultivated land with less than 10 d.However,the content of available phosphorus in 20—40 and 40—60 cm soil layers increased with the increase of flooding days overall.The longer the flooding time of 0—20 cm soil layer,the higher the content of available potassium overall.The content of available potassium in 20—40 and 40—60 cm soil layers decreased first and then increased with the increase of flooding time.The longer the flooding time of 20—40 and 40—60 cm soil layers,the lower the soil organic matter content overall,but the organic matter content of 0—20 cm soil layer increased first and then decreased with the increase of flooding days,and the organic matter content was the highest in 10—12 days.In summary,due to the different ways and mechanisms of soil nutrient transformation and migration,summer maize field with different flooding days shows different profile distribution characteristics of soil nutrient.It is suggested that nitrogen fertilizer should be supplemented in time in flooded farmlands,and green manure should be supplemented in time to increase soil organic matter content.

关 键 词：夏玉米 洪涝 淹水 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]