基于最小数据集的黔西南州烟田土壤质量评价  

Soil Quality Assessment of Tobacco Field Based on Minimum Data Set in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture

作　　者：刘志勇 罗富方 鲁万华 朱波[1] 李洪勋 刘章勇[1] 陈杰 易丽霞[1] LIU Zhiyong;LUO Fufang;LU Wanhua;ZHU Bo;LI Hongxun;LIU Zhangyong;CHEN Jie;YI Lixia(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434200,China;Xingren Branch of Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture Tobacco Company,Xingren 562300,China;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550000,China;Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture Company of Guizhou Province Tobacco company,Xingyi 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434200 [2]黔西南州烟草公司兴仁分公司,贵州兴仁562300 [3]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550000 [4]贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第7期100-108,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司科技项目(2022-03)。

摘　　要：为明确贵州省黔西南州烤烟种植区土壤质量特征,选取51个代表性土壤样点,研究其表层(0~10 cm)和亚表层(10~20 cm)土壤的理化特征及生物学性状,同时基于主成分分析(PCA)建立最小数据集(MDS),评估不同烟草连作年限(Y1:0~10 a;Y2:10~20 a;Y3:20 a以上)对植烟土壤质量指数(SQI)的影响。主成分分析结果表明,MDS由土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾含量及脲酶活性6项指标构成。全数据集(TDS)的土壤质量指数(TDS-SQI,均值0.589)与MDS-SQI(均值0.581)呈显著正相关关系(R^(2)=0.993,P<0.01),表明MDS和TDS均可用于解释土壤质量特征。此外,MDS-SQI与烤烟株高、叶长均呈极显著正相关关系,说明土壤MDS-SQI越大的点位附近烤烟生长状况越好,再次表明MDS相关指标具有较好的代表性。不同土层(0~10、10~20 cm)间SQI差异不显著;Y3(20 a以上)的烟田土壤SQI低于Y2(10~20 a)和Y1(0~10 a),Y1与Y3土壤SQI值差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。综上,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾含量及脲酶活性6项指标可有效评估黔西南州烟田土壤质量;烟草长期连作会造成土壤质量下降。To clarify the soil quality characteristics of typical flue⁃cured tobacco planting areas in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture,51 representative soil sampling points were selected to study the physicochemical properties and biological characteristics for topsoil(0—10 cm)and subtopsoil(10—20 cm).Concurrently,a minimum data set(MDS)was established based on principal component analysis(PCA)to evaluate the impact of varying tobacco cropping durations(Y1:0—10 years;Y2:10—20 years;Y3:over 20 years)on soil quality indicator(SQI)in tobacco⁃growing areas.The results of PCA indicated that MDS consisted of six indicators:soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali⁃hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium content,and urease activity.The soil quality indicator(TDS⁃SQI,mean 0.589)of the total data set(TDS)was highly positively correlated with MDS⁃SQI(mean 0.581)(R^(2)=0.993,P<0.01),suggesting that both MDS and TDS could be used to explain soil quality characteristics.Additionally,MDS⁃SQI showed a highly significant positive correlation with tobacco plant height and length of leaf,indicating a better growth condition of tobacco plants in areas with higher MDS⁃SQI values,and revealing the good representativeness of indicators belonging to MDS.There were no significant differences in SQI between different soil layers(0—10 cm and 10—20 cm);however,SQI of Y3(over 20 years)tobacco field was lower than that of Y2(10—20 years)and Y1(0—10 years),with a significant difference between Y1 and Y3 SQI values(P<0.05).In conclusion,six indicators including soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium content,and urease activity can effectively evaluate the soil quality of tobacco fields in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture;Long⁃term continuous cropping of tobacco leads to declining of soil quality.

关 键 词：植烟土壤 主成分分析 最小数据集 土壤质量指数 黔西南州 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学]