大口径火炮闭气环动态密封特性分析  

Analysis and optimization design of dynamic sealing characteristics of obturator ring of wedge-breechblock of a large-caliber artillery

作　　者：丁树奎 王恒 陈秋实 朱晋 朱兴利 DING Shukui;WANG Heng;CHEN Qiushi;ZHU Jin;ZHU Xingli(China North Industries Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100053,China;Hebei Huabei Diesel Engine Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国北方工业有限公司,北京100053 [2]河北华北柴油机有限责任公司,石家庄050081 [3]北京理工大学,北京100081

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2024年第S01期30-37,60,共9页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

摘　　要：为掌握某型号火炮的楔式炮闩闭气环处的动态密封性能,采用有限元分析和CFD计算相关联的方法,计算了炮弹发射初期,0.01~0.05 mm密封间隙下闭气环与各零部件间距随时间变化关系及密封间隙对火药燃气泄漏以及流动特性的影响变化规律。结果表明,0.03 mm密封间隙为闭气环安全性拐点,当密封间隙≤0.03 mm时,闭气环密封时间为0.03 ms,闭气环两端压力衰减程度为90%以上,气体泄漏量小于0.1 kg/s/m,气体流动方向沿炮体轴向向下流动,具有一定的安全性。而当0.03 mm<密封间隙<0.05 mm时,密封时间增加,出口流速陡增,局部最高流速大于300 m/s,速度相对0.03 mm密封间隙时增长67%,气体直接向右泄漏,表现出剧烈的射流现象,泄漏量较大,存在安全隐患。The sealing gap between the obturator ring and the base plate of large-caliber artillery is a crucial factor affecting the sealing reliability,operability,and safety of the artillery.In order to investigate the dynamic sealing performance at the large-caliber artillery obturator ring of a specific artillery model,a combined approach utilizing finite element analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)calculations was employed.The temporal variations in the distances between the obturator ring and various components within the 0.01~0.05 mm sealing gap during the initial stages of projectile launch were obtained.Additionally,the influence of the sealing gap on the leakage of propellant gas and flow characteristics was studied.The results indicate that a sealing gap of 0.03 mm represents a turning point for the safety of the obturator ring.When the sealing gap is≤0.03 mm,the sealing time of the obturator ring is 0.03 ms,with a pressure decay of over 90%at both ends of the obturator ring.The gas leakage is less than 0.1 kg/s/m,and the gas flows downward along the axial direction of the gun barrel,demonstrating a certain level of safety.However,when the sealing gap is>0.03 mm,the sealing time increases,the exit velocity sharply rises,with a local maximum velocity exceeding 300 m/s,showing a 67%increase relative to the 0.03 mm sealing gap.The gas directly leaks to the right,exhibiting intense jetting phenomena,resulting in significant leakage and posing a certain safety hazard.

关 键 词：大口径火炮 闭气环 有限元分析 CFD 

分 类 号：TJ3[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]