“黄沙滩”与“黄沙队”新论——以17—19世纪的航线、船速、海难为中心  

A Reexamination of Bat Cat Vang and the Hoang Sa Squadron:Focusing on Routes,Ship Speeds,and Shipwrecks from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century

作　　者：曹树基 顾跃挺 许盘清 CAO Shuji;GU Yueting;XU Panqing(Hong Kong Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences,The University of Hong Kong china;China Institute for Marine Affairs,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学人文与社会科学研究所,中国香港 [2]自然资源部海洋发展战略研究所古地图研发中心

出　　处：《清史研究》2024年第4期1-27,共27页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“越南与中国南海地名考证及历史地理信息平台建设研究”(18BTQ048)资助成果。

摘　　要：本文遵循“地貌—航线—港口—船速—海难—打捞”的论证逻辑,采用地图测距的方法,经计算认为与《纂集天南四至路图》有关的四幅地图皆有记实性质,所绘之“黄沙滩”皆为越南近岸的浅滩及礁石地带,亦即19世纪30年代以前西文地图标注的“Pracel牛角”北部海域。通过对于船速的计算,本文确定17—19世纪航海史上的风阻与海难主要发生在这一区域。“Pracel牛角”之西为内行航线,其东为外行航线,包括占婆岛与李山岛在内的“Pracel牛角”北部既是海难事故的多发地带,也是18世纪“黄沙队”打捞沉船的主要场所。越南方面提出的证据,没有一条可以证明越南船只以及“黄沙队”到达过西沙群岛。This article follows the logic of“landforms‒maritime routes‒ports‒ship speed‒shipwrecks and salvage”and applies map range finding techniques using the maps in Compilation of the Tiannan Region Maps(纂集天南四至路图),all of which were the result of substantive surveys,to calculate the shallow shoals and sandy reefs along the coast of Vietnam in the northern part of South China Sea where Bai Cat Vang,turned into the infamous Oxhorn shaped Pracel marked on western maps before the 1830s.By calculating ship speeds,this article concludes that the wind disturbances and maritime disasters recorded from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century mainly occurred in this area.The Oxhorn shaped Pracel served as the traditional demarcation between internal passage and external passage,from west to east.The northern part of Pracel,including Champo Island or Cùlao Chàm and the presentĐảo LýSơn,witnessed numerous maritime accidents,and became a major site for the Hoang Sa Squadron to salvage sunken ships in the eighteenth century.None of the evidence presented by Vietnam can prove that Vietnamese ships or Hoang Sa Squadron had ever reached as far as the present-day Xisha Islands.

关 键 词：黄沙滩 黄沙队 Pracel牛角 航线 船速 海难 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]