“开山水堂”“拈香结盟”和“烧会”——哥老会早期历史的史实钩沉  

“Opening Mountain and Water Halls”,“Burning Incense for Sworn Brotherhood”,and“Recruitment”:Discovering Facts about the Early History of the Elder Brothers Society

作　　者：王笛[1] WANG Di(Department of History,University of Macao china)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学历史系,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《清史研究》2024年第4期28-43,共16页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：关于哥老会组织名目出现的具体年代,史学界存在争论。根据民间文献和档案记录,可以确认道光时期便有了“哥老会”的说法。到同治初年,“哥老会”的名称越来越频繁地出现在官方文献中。“开山水堂”等词汇所透露的历史信息,显示了无论在内部结构上,还是在信仰、仪式乃至语言上,哥老会已经形成了一系列的规章和行为准则,也呈现了这个组织的发展轨迹。目前能够看到的关于哥老会早期历史的记录,基本上都是由那些仇视哥老会的人——无论是地方精英还是官员——所记录下来的,因此就难免带有偏见。今天在使用这些资料的时候,必须放到当时的语境中,去进行具体分析。Historian have debated the specific date of the origin of the name,“Elder Brothers Society”(Gelaohui).According to folk documents and archival records,it can be confirmed that the name Elder Brothers Society came into existence during the Daoguang reign.In the early years of Tongzhi reign,the name Elder Brothers Society appeared more and more frequently in official documents.The events surrounding words like“Opening Mountain and Water Halls”show that a series of internal rules and codes had been formed as well as the development trajectory of this organization in terms of internal structure,beliefs,rituals,and even language.The records of the early history of Elder Brothers Society were basically made by enemies of the organization,whether they were local elites or officials,and were inevitably biased.Scholars who use these materials today should place them into the context of that time for analysis.

关 键 词：哥老会 啯噜 结盟 民间文献与档案 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]