太平天国何以兴起——基于洪秀全早期思想的新考察  

The Rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom:A New Study Based on Hong Xiuquan’s Early Thought

作　　者：刘晨[1] LIU Chen(Department of History,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《清史研究》2024年第4期44-59,共16页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“清代群体性事件与官方治理研究”(20CZS038)。

摘　　要：太平天国文献所记1837年洪秀全“丁酉异梦”的内容掺入了新形势下洪秀全本人及太平天国对之前梦境的重新解释,脱离了原始情况,且各种文献之间有着互相印证神性的意义。“诏明”于1848年冬的《太平天日》是一部完整的宗教神话,同时是一篇反清宣言,结合其他史料,说明至此时洪秀全等人才正式立意反清。屡试不第、广西传教受挫、广州入教受洗被拒等经历使洪秀全产生了对现实社会的极度不满情绪,紫荆山拜上帝组织的发展则对他自认受命下凡、斩邪留正的理想给予了鼓励,1847年夏二次入桂后,洪秀全的主观认识有了明显变化。现存文献所反映洪秀全思想转变与反清思想确立的时间点恰好与广西局势的崩溃相吻合,从侧面说明激剧恶化的社会生态驱策洪秀全最终走上反清之路。“Ding You(1837)Vision”which was recorded in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom official books mixed with reinterpretation of the previous dreams made by Hong Xiuquan and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the new situation,which was away from the original facts.Furthermore,there is mutual proof of the significance of divinity in various documents.Taiping Tianri written in the winter of 1848 is a complete religious myth and at the same time an anti-Qing manifesto.Only then did Hong Xiuquan and his party formally set out to oppose the Qing Dynasty.Hong Xiuquan’s failure to pass the examinations,being refused to be baptized in Guangzhou,missionary frustration in Guangxi and other experiences made him extremely dissatisfy with the real society.On the other hand,the prosperous development of Zijingshan God's Church encouraged him to acknowledge himself to be ordered by God to come down to earth to cut off the evil.Especially,after the second entry into the Guangxi in 1847,Hong Xiuquan changed a lot subjectively.The time points of Hong Xiuquan's ideological change and the establishment of anti-Qing ideology as reflected in the existing documents coincide with the time of the collapse in Guangxi,which indicates that the unprecedentedly intense social contradictions and conflicts drove Hong Xiuquan to finally embark on the way of anti-Qing.

关 键 词：太平天国 太平军 洪秀全 拜上帝思想 

分 类 号：K254[历史地理—历史学]