驿站、州县与里甲纷争:以清代西和县驿站月差章程为中心  

Disputes among Post Stations,Prefectures,Counties,and Village Organizations(lijia):The Monthly Postal Regulation in Xihe County in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：陈支平 吴晓非 CHEN Zhiping;WU Xiaofei(Institute of Chinese Studies,School of History and Cultural Heritage,Xiamen University;School of History and Cultural Heritage,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学国学研究院、历史与文化遗产学院,厦门361005 [2]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《清史研究》2024年第4期83-92,共10页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家“十四五”发展规划重大学术文化工程《(新编)中国通史》纂修工程阶段性成果。

摘　　要：驿站差役的地方运行实态是清代驿站史研究的重要问题。清代中期,西和县驿站月差章程遵循“按里按户计日轮差”的原则,依据十三里面积大小、田粮多寡,将驿站差役平均摊派,划分支差日期。为缓和社会矛盾,保障驿站平稳运转,州县官牵头与全县士绅公议制定了驿站月差章程,结束了行差无序混乱的局面,而后经历了一个“确立—革除—复立”的过程。从无序到有序的过程中,国家统治者、地方官员和基层乡绅民众出于各自利益的考量,围绕驿站差役展开了互动与博弈,并引发里甲纷争与诉讼。这一实证研究体现了清代州县驿站管理中国家与地方社会的互动,也体现了由驿站差役变革所展现的国家与地方财政体制的转型。The operation of local post stations in the Qing Dynasty is an important issue in the study of the history of the postal system in the Qing Dynasty.In the middle of the Qing Dynasty,the monthly payment regulations for post stations in Xihe County followed the principle of“daily rotation according to the village and the household”,and according to the size of the area of the thirteen villages and the amount of grain in the field,the post station service was evenly apportioned,and the payment dates were divided.To alleviate social contradictions and ensure the smooth operation of the postal stations,the state and county officials took the lead in formulating the regulations of the postal stations with the gentry of the county,which ended the disorderly and chaotic situation and lead to a process of“establishment-elimination-restoration”.In the process of moving from disorder to order,the state rulers,local officials,and grassroots gentry and the common people,in consideration of their individual interests,interacted and compete around the post station officers,which led to disputes and lawsuits in lijia.This empirical study reveals the interaction between the state and local society in the management of postal stations in Qing Dynasty prefectures and counties,and reflects the transformation of the national and local financial systems shown by the reform of postal station service.

关 键 词：月差章程 西和县 驿站 里甲纷争 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]