藏缅语族语言韵律的类型学特征——兼反观汉语韵律的特征  

Typological Features of Prosody in Tibeto-Burman Languages:A Comparative Perspective of Prosody in Chinese

作　　者：戴庆厦[1] 许怡 DAI Qing-xia;XU Yi

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学 [2]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第4期5-16,235,共13页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZD&291)。

摘　　要：韵律是一种有特色的语言现象。运用语言类型学的理论,以藏缅语族50多种语言的语料为依据,描写、分析藏缅语韵律的基本特点,发现藏缅语的韵律包括双数音节、双声叠韵谐韵、元音和谐、辅音和谐、韵母和谐、声调和谐、音节前弱后强、重叠八种类型。韵律的产生和发展受语言类型属性、语言经济原则以及人们审美意识的制约。韵律对藏缅语的语音、构词、句法、语义等方面都有重要影响。汉语与藏缅语是亲属语言,同属分析性语言,都具有丰富的韵律特征,可以通过藏缅语对汉语的反观来进一步认识汉语韵律的特征。汉语重句法韵律,藏缅语重词法韵律;汉语韵律重声调,藏缅语韵律不重声调;汉语不同方言的韵律差异较小,而藏缅语不同语言的韵律差异较大。总体上,韵律对汉语的制约力更强。汉语研究必须以亲属语言作为参照,才能加深对汉语的认识,进一步揭示出汉语的历史演变规律。Prosody is a common feature of Chinese and Tibetan Languages in China,and also a distinctive language phenomenon.Based on the linguistic typological theory and the corpus of more than 50 Tibeto-Burman languages,this paper describes and analyzes the basic characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman language prosody.It points out that there are eight types of prosody in Tibetan-Burman languages,including double syllables,double-toned rhyming,vowel harmony,consonant harmony,ending-rhyme harmony,tone harmony,syllable strength from weak to strong,and reduplication.The formation and development of prosody are constrained by linguistic typological properties,the principle of linguistic economy,and people’s aesthetic consciousness.In addition,prosody has a significant impact on the phonetics,morphology,syntax,and semantics of Tibeto-Burman languages.This paper also points out that Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages are related,both belong to analytical languages,and both have rich prosody features.We can further understand the characteristics of Chinese prosody through Tibeto-Burman’s reflection on Chinese.By comparison,it is found that Chinese focuses on syntactic prosody,while Tibeto-Burman languages focus on morphological prosody;Chinese prosody emphasizes tone,while Tibeto-Burman prosody does not;The prosody differences among different dialects of Chinese are small,while those among different languages of Tibeto-Burman are large.In general,prosody has a stronger constraint on Chinese.It is believed that the study of Chinese must take related languages as references to deepen the understanding of Chinese and to find the historical evolution of Chinese.

关 键 词：藏缅语 语言类型学 韵律 反观 汉语 

分 类 号：H42[语言文字] H1