公事私函:明后期中枢决策运行中的新样态——以申时行与万历朝“查抄张府事件”为中心  

Private Letters for Public Affairs,A New Paradigm in the Operation of Centralized Decision-Making in the Late Ming Period:Centering on Shen Shixing and the“Raiding Residence of Zhang Juzheng”

作　　者：张鑫 ZHANG Xin(School of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第4期12-20,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：全国高校古籍委员会直接资助项目“《申文定公集》整理”(2104)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：利用私人函件交流公务、交换信息,甚或结党营私,是中国传统政治场域中的一种常态现象。但时至明后期,内阁辅臣群体通过私函来协调处理公务的迹象愈发集中且典型,并以此作为中枢决策运行中的新型样态和重要补充。“公事私函”以一种“半官方”“类常态”的方式,深度嵌入中枢决策运行之中,有助于提升国家公务处理的成效。在应对“查抄张府事件”过程中,申时行通过公奏、私函并行的方式,多方联络,折冲樽俎,为事件最后的平稳终局,发挥了积极效用,也为深入剖析明代后期中枢决策的运行机制提供了新视角。The use of private correspondence for the exchange of official business and information,or even the formation of private parties,was a normal phenomenon in the traditional Chinese political arena.However,in the late Ming Dynasty,the group of cabinet ministers handled the official affairs through private letters,which became more and more concentrated and typical,and served as a new type and important supplement in the operation of central decision-making.“The private letters for public affairs”were deeply embedded in the central decision-making process in a semi official and quasi normal way,which helped to improve the effectiveness of national public affairs in the process of handling and operating.In the process of coping with the“raiding residence of Zhang Juzheng”,Shen Shixing,by means of both public and private letters,liaised with many parties,which played a positive role in the smooth ending of the incident,and provided a new perspective for the in-depth analyses of the operation mechanism of the central government’s decision-making in the later period of the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：公事私函 中枢决策 申时行 查抄张府 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]