卫生意识与近代中国食品市场的规范化塑造——以近代天津市汽水业为例  

Hygiene Knowledge and the Standardization of Modern Chinese Food Market:A Case Study of Tianjin Soda Industry

作　　者：刘赵昆 余新忠[2] LIU Zhaokun;YU Xinzhong(College of Medicine,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学医学院,天津300350 [2]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第4期80-88,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划课题“近代天津保障和改善食品卫生安全工作的研究(1900-1949)”(TJZLQN22-002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代政府以行政和技术手段对市场进行规范化管理,其中包括对商品卫生的监督和对商家的追责机制。汽水是近代中国最早立法管理的饮食种类之一,由于无法对汽水加热杀菌,其制造原料清洁与否与民众健康关系甚密。随着近代健康知识的普及,汽水中的细菌对消费者的威胁引起政府和民众的关注。汽水厂对用水的净化和较好的生产环境能减少细菌对汽水的污染,其产品卫生随之成为吸引消费者的重要手段。卫生部门制定汽水卫生标准,以生物、化学参数定义汽水的市场准入资格,并规定了对违法者的追责办法。以细菌鉴定为主的化验成为判定汽水质量的根本途径,保障了汽水市场的规范化运营。Modern governments regulate food markets by administrative and technical means,including supervision of food sanitation and prosecution of the violators of hygiene laws.Soda is one of the earliest categories of food in modern China for which the authorities implemented laws to guarantee its safety.Since soda cannot be heated for sterilization before consumption,the quality of its ingredients was essential to the health of the public.With the popularization of modern hygiene knowledge,city administrators and the public became more concerned about the bacteria in soft drinks.The better water quality and cleaner working space in soda factories reduced the chance of bacterial contamination;guaranteeing the safety of their products was an important way to attract consumers.Public health agencies introduced sanitation standards for sodas,which were based on chemical and biological parameters,before granting soda products’entry to food markets.Violators of sanitation laws were to be tracked and punished.Laboratory tests that focused on the detection of pathogenic bacteria was the primary method to ensure the quality of sodas,which further contributed to the standardization of soft drink market.

关 键 词：卫生意识 食品市场 规范化 近代中国 汽水业 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]