近代俄国政权与医疗社会组织的互动与博弈——以皮罗戈夫全俄医生协会为中心  

Interactions and Game between the Regime and Medical Social Organizations in Modern Russia,the Society of Russian Doctors in Memory of N.I.Pirogov as a Case

作　　者：王学礼[1] 周聪 WANG Xue-li;ZHOU Cong(Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第4期99-108,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：1861年农奴制改革后,俄国的社会组织迎来了难得的发展机遇期。在此背景下,俄国的医疗社会组织也如火如荼地发展起来,皮罗戈夫全俄医生协会正是其中非常重要的一个。该协会最大限度地汇聚了俄国的医生群体,并通过组织救民运动、创办机关杂志、召开全俄医生代表大会等活动不断提高自身影响力。至19世纪末20世纪初,该协会已成为俄国医生交流工作经验、维护职业权益、参与公共服务与社会治理的重要平台,为俄国医学的发展及国家公共卫生体系的形成作出了重要贡献。然而,随着俄国在日俄战争中遭受重创、国内政治形势不断恶化、群众运动此起彼伏,政府愈加担心社会力量增强会对专制制度构成威胁,便加大了对各类社会组织的监督和审查力度,不断削弱社会组织的自主性,肆意干预其内部事务,俄国医疗社会组织的发展由此陷入了政府多维掣肘的泥淖。The serfdom reform in 1861 ushered in a rare development opportunity for social organizations in Russia.The medical social organizations also seized the opportunity.Among them,“The Society of Russian Doctors in memory of N.I.Pirogov”was one of the most important one.Not only did it brought most Russian doctors together,it became increasingly influential by organizing life-saving campaigns,starting magazine publication,and holding all-Russian congresses of doctors.By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the association had become an important platform where Russian doctors exchanged their work experience,defended their professional rights and interests,and participated in public services and social governance.It greatly contributed to Russian medical profession’s development and furthered the formation of the national public health system.However,as the Russo-Japanese War took a heavy toll on Russia,its domestic political situation deteriorated and mass movements emerged.The government became increasingly concerned that social power’s growth would threaten its authoritarian system.It increased the supervision and censorship of social organizations,undermined their autonomy and arbitrarily interfered in their internal affairs.The Russian medical social organizations’development was therefore marred by government’s multi-dimensional constraints.

关 键 词：俄国 医疗社会组织 皮罗戈夫 医生代表大会 公共卫生 

分 类 号：K512.42[历史地理—历史学]