美国的南亚“流亡藏人”政策及其行动研究(1959—1963)  

A Study on the American Policy and Action of“Tibetan Exiles”in South Asia(1959-1963)

作　　者：高大为 GAO Dawei(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第4期109-118,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“近现代西方知识精英对中国西藏认知历史研究”(20&ZD238);国家社科基金重点项目“美国政府解密涉藏档案整理与研究”(19AGJ006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1959年3月,以十四世达赖为首的西藏封建上层发动叛乱并逃往印度。随后,美国政府对随十四世达赖流亡南亚的藏人群体展开行动,“美国西藏难民紧急委员会”等一批美国民间组织充当美国政府的“马前卒”,对“流亡藏人”实施含有政治目的的“援助”。与此同时,美国开动宣传机器,利用“流亡藏人”特殊身份在国际上制造反华舆论。为扩大“流亡藏人”在西方的影响,美国还支持欧洲国家接纳“流亡藏人”学生,试图以此吸引西方国家对“西藏问题”的关注,并以所谓“人权”问题攻击中国西藏政策。总体而言,美国的南亚“流亡藏人”政策带有浓厚的意识形态色彩,是冷战时期美国对华遏制政策的缩影。In March 1959,the Tibetan feudal upper class headed by the 14th Dalai Lama launched a rebellion and fled to India.Subsequently,the U.S.government takes action against the exiled Tibetan community accompanying the 14th Dalai Lama to South Asia,and a group of American NGO such as the“American Emergency Committee for Tibetan Refugees”acted as“pawns”of the United States government to implement“assistance”with political purposes for“Tibetan exiles”.At the same time,the United States launched a propaganda machine and used the special identity of“Tibetan exiles”to create anti-China public opinion in the world.In order to expand the influence of“Tibetan exiles”in the West,the United States also supported European countries to accept“Tibetan exiles”students,trying to attract the attention of Western countries to the“Tibet issue”,and attacked China’s Tibet policy with the so-called“human rights”issue.In general,the U.S.policy of“Tibetan exiles”in South Asia has a strong color of ideology,which is the epitome of the U.S.containment policy towards PRC during the Cold War.

关 键 词：美国 “流亡藏人” 印度 尼泊尔 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学] K35[历史地理—世界史]