灌浆期干旱胁迫对小麦西农106部分生理指标、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Some Physiological Indexes,Yield and Quality of Wheat Variety Xinong 106 at Grain Filling Stage

作　　者：张礼宁 于子雯 郭金良 南瑞 姚雅鑫 李嵩[1] 孙风丽[1] 张超[1] 奚亚军[1] ZHANG Lining;YU Ziwen;GUO Jinliang;NAN Rui;YAO Yaxin;LI Song;SUN Fengli;ZHANG Chao;XI Yajun(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第8期1415-1423,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022NY-172);陕西省种质资源保护与利用计划项目(20171010000004)。

摘　　要：为了解小麦品种‘西农106’灌浆期的抗旱性,以小麦品种‘周麦18’为对照,通过盆栽称重控水模拟干旱环境,比较分析正常供水、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫处理下小麦的旗叶面积、SPAD值、荧光、抗氧化酶活性等抗旱生理指标及产量和品质的差异。结果表明,与正常供水处理相比,在重度干旱处理下两个品种的旗叶面积、SPAD值、荧光参数(F_(v)/F_(m)、Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP)均显著降低,其中‘西农106’的Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP降低幅度更小;在重度干旱处理下,两个品种旗叶MDA含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量均显著升高。重度干旱胁迫后,‘周麦18’和‘西农106’的千粒质量和产量均显著下降,其中千粒质量降幅分别为41.96%和35.33%,产量降幅分别为40.43%和42.53%。重度干旱胁迫显著降低小麦籽粒淀粉含量和吸水率,显著提高籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、体积质量、稳定时间和沉降值。中度干旱胁迫对两个品种生理、产量和品质的影响较小,以上指标变化基本上表现不显著。综合来看,在荧光特性和产量性状方面‘西农106’品种表现出较好的抗旱性。‘Xinong 106’is a wheat variety approved in Shaanxi province.In order to accurately evaluate the drought resistance of this variety,‘Zhoumai 18’was used as the control,and the drought resistance performance of wheat under drought stress during grain filling period was simulated by pot weighing and water control method.The effects of drought stress on fluorescence characteristics,physiological characteristics and yield and quality of wheat were analyzed under normal NW,moderate drought MS and severe drought SS.The results showed that under severe drought,the leaf area and SPAD value of flag leaf decreased significantly,and the fluorescence parameters of flag leaf also decreased significantly.TheΦ_(PSⅡ)and qP of‘Xinong 106’decreased even less.Under severe drought,MDA content in flag leaves of the two cultivars increased significantly,and antioxidant enzyme activities,soluble sugar and soluble protein contents also increased significantly.The results showed that 1000-grain mass and yield of‘Zhoumai 18’and‘Xinong 106’decreased by 41.96%and 35.33%,40.43%and 42.53%,respectively,after severe drought stress.Severe drought stress also resulted in a significant decrease in grain starch content and water absorption,while a significant increase in grain protein content,wet gluten content,volumic mass,stabilization time and sedimentation value.The results showed that‘Xinong 106’varieties showed better drought resistance in terms of fluorescence characteristics and yield traits.

关 键 词：小麦 西农106 干旱胁迫 灌浆期 生理指标 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]