复合微生物肥料对杏园土壤及杏果实品质的影响  

Effects of Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Soil of Apricot Orchards and Quality of Apricot Fruit

作　　者：颜宏 白亚妮 卢雨欣 冯志珍 冯璞阳 赵文娟 YAN Hong;BAI Yani;LU Yuxin;FENG Zhizhen;FENG Puyang;ZHAO Wenjuan(Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Xi’an 710043,China;Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi,Xi’an 710600,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省生物农业研究所,西安710043 [2]陕西省酶工程技术研究中心,西安710600

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第8期1495-1505,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科学院青年联合创新项目(2021K-14);西安市科技计划项目(20NYYF0028);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-955);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLNY05-01)。

摘　　要：为探究复合微生物肥料对杏园土壤及杏果实品质的影响,以15 a生的‘华胥大银杏’为研究对象,设置5个处理组(空白对照、常规施肥、基质+70%常规施肥、复合微生物肥料+70%常规施肥、复合微生物肥料),于果实成熟期采集土壤及健康果实样品,测定土壤养分、土壤酶活、杏果实品质及产量。结果表明:复合微生物肥料组土壤全氮、全磷含量较其他处理组显著提高,与常规施肥组相比,分别显著提高10.92%、46.15%;复合微生物肥料组脲酶活性最高,与常规施肥组相比,显著提高113.51%;复合微生物肥料组根际微生物群落结构与其他组相比,优势属种类和相对丰度有差异,部分细菌、真菌与特定土壤养分和土壤酶活性呈显著相关关系。此外,复合微生物肥料组杏果实的固酸比和可溶性固形物含量较其他组显著提高,与常规施肥组相比,分别显著提高23.38%、26.46%。施用复合微生物肥料可显著提高土壤养分及酶活性,改善根际微生物群落结构,进而提高果实品质和产量。In order to investigate the effect of compound microbial fertilizer on soil properties and the qualities of apricot fruit,the 15-year-old‘Huaxu apricot’was selected as research object,five treatment groups were set up,which include blank control,conventional fertilization,substrate and 70%conventional fertilization,compound microbial fertilizer and 70%conventional fertilization,compound microbial fertilizer.At maturity stage,the soil and healthy apricot fruit samples were collected to determine soil nutrients,soil enzyme activities,yields and quality of apricot fruit.The results showed that the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the soil treated with compound microbial fertilizer was significantly higher compared with other treatments.It increased by 10.92%and 46.15%compared with the conventional fertilization,respectively.The urease activity of soil in compound microbial fertilizer treatment was the highest,exhibiting a significant increase of 113.51%compared with that of conventional fertilization.Besides,the rhizosphere microbial community structure of compound microbial fertilizer treatment was different from that of the other treatments.Certain bacteria and fungi were significantly correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activities.In addition,the solid acid ratio and soluble solid content of apricot fruits in the compound microbial fertilizer treatment were significantly increased compared with the other treatments,increased by 23.38%and 26.46%compared with the conventional fertilization,respectively.To conclude,the application of compound microbial fertilizer significantly increases soil nutrient and enzyme activities,thereby improving the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community,ultimately leading to increased fruit yield and quality.This study provides a theoretical and practical foundation for the application of compound microbial fertilizer in apricot orchard production.

关 键 词：杏 复合微生物肥料 土壤养分 土壤酶 微生物群落 果实品质 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]