12种生物源药剂对苹果斑点落叶病(Alternaria alternata)的防控效果  

Prevention and Control Effect of Twelve Biological Pesticides on Apple Leaf Spot Disease(Alternaria alternata)

作　　者：翟艳青 郑果 李继平[1,2] 许彬彬 张自强[1] 惠娜娜 王立 ZHAI Yanqing;ZHENG Guo;LI Jiping;XU Binbin;ZHANG Ziqiang;HUI Nana;WANG Li(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第8期1559-1566,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省农科院重点研发计划(2021GAAS07)。

摘　　要：为了强化苹果斑点落叶病生物防控技术,选用12种生物源药剂,通过菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,对苹果斑点落叶病病原菌(Alternaria alternata)进行室内毒力测定,并选取其中8种生物源药剂进行田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,12种生物源药剂对A.alternata菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中0.3%丁子香酚SL、1%蛇床子素EW、4%小檗碱硫酸盐SC、3%中生菌素WP、1%申嗪霉素SC、10%多抗霉素WP和1.3%苦参碱AS对A.alternata菌丝生长均有较强的抑制效果,其EC_(50)值为0.56~25.59 mg·L^(-1),对照化学药剂70%甲基硫菌灵WP的EC_(50)为13.90 mg·L^(-1);80%乙蒜素EC、0.3%丁子香酚SL、1%蛇床子素EW、1.3%苦参碱AS、1%申嗪霉素SC和10亿/g哈茨木霉菌DP对A.alternata分生孢子萌发均具有较强的抑制作用,其EC_(50)值为7.75~89.29 mg·L^(-1),对照化学药剂70%甲基硫菌灵WP的EC_(50)值为217.43 mg·L^(-1)。田间药效试验结果表明,0.3%丁子香酚SL、1%蛇床子素EW、1%申嗪霉素SC、10%多抗霉素WP、3%中生菌素WP的防治效果最佳,防效为73.05%~79.17%,均优于或接近于对照化学药剂70%甲基硫菌灵WP的防效74.35%。To enhance the biological prevention and control technology for apple leaf spot disease,twelve biological pesticides were selected to detect their indoor toxicity against Alternaria alternata using both the mycelial growth rate method and spore germination method.Eight of these biological pesticides were selected for field control experiments.Laboratory toxicity tests showed that twelve biological pesticides exhibited different degrees of inhibition on mycelial growth and spore germination of A.alternata.Among them,0.3%eugenol SL,1%cetoseed EW,4%berberine sulfate SC,3%mesocin WP,1%Schonazinomycin SC,10%polyamycin WP and 1.3%matrine AS demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of A.alternata,with EC_(50)values ranging from 0.56 to 25.59 mg·L^(-1).In comparison,the EC_(50)value of 70%methylthiomethim WP was 13.90 mg·L^(-1).Furthermore,80%ethylallicin EC,0.3%eugenol SL,1%escocetin EW,1.3%matrine AS,1%schonazinomycin SC,and 1 billion/g Trichoderma harzianum DP showed strong inhibitory effects on conidial germination of A.alternata,with EC_(50)values ranging from 7.75 to 89.29 mg·L^(-1),and the EC_(50)values of 70%methylthiomycin WP was 217.43 mg·L^(-1).Field efficacy trials showed that the control effects of 0.3%eugenol SL,1%cetosinin EW,1%Schonazinomycin SC and 10%polyamycin WP,3%Zhongshengmycin WP were the highest,with control effects ranging from 73.05%to 79.17%,all of which were better than or close to the control effect of 70%methylthiomycin WP(74.35%).

关 键 词：苹果 斑点落叶病 生物源药剂 毒力测定 田间防效 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]