从汉字书写看西班牙华裔的汉语保持与转用  

Chinese Language Maintenance and Shift of Children of Chinese Diaspora in Spain from the Perspective of Chinese Character

作　　者：黄锦贤 HUANG Jinxian

机构地区：[1]瓦伦西亚大学教育学院

出　　处：《世界华文教学》2024年第1期97-114,共18页

摘　　要：采用听写纸笔测试和问卷调查的方法,从汉字书写角度考察西班牙华裔小学生的汉语保持与转用情况。研究结果如下。①西班牙华裔已经形成正字法意识,正字法水平处于较低层次。②大多数华裔是以西班牙语为主、汉语为辅的双语者。汉语的保持与转用呈现内外有别的特点。家庭是汉语使用频率最高的场合,家庭中汉语保持程度好,在中文学校主要使用双语,开始出现语言转用现象,在其他交际场合主要使用西班牙语,语言转用明显;与祖父母辈的交流几乎都使用汉语,有利于汉语的保持;与父母辈的双向交流使用双语,标志着语言转用的开始,与同辈的交流主要使用西班牙语,语言转用明显。③汉字书写能力越高,汉语保持程度越好。This paper applies a dictation paper and pencil test as well as a questionnaire to examine the maintenance and shift of Chinese language among Children of Chinese Diaspora in Spain(CCDS)from Chinese characters.The findings showed that:(1)These children at primary school have developed orthographic awareness,the level of orthography is at a low level.(2)Majority of the bilingual Spanish-Chinese students,use Spanish as the main language and Chinese as the secondary language.Chinese language maintenance and shift presents the characteristics of internal and external differences.Family is the most frequently used occasion for speaking Chinese,and the level of Chinese language maintenance is good.Bilingualism is mainly used in Chinese schools,and the phenomenon of Chinese switching begins to appear.In public places,Spanish is mainly used,and Chinese conversion is obvious.Communication with grandparents is almost used in Chinese,favoring the maintenance of Chinese language.Bilingualism in the two-way communication with the parents marks the beginning of the shift of Chinese.The communication with the peers is mainly in Spanish,and the language shift is obvious.(3)The higher the ability to write Chinese characters,the better the maintenance of Chinese language.

关 键 词：西班牙华裔 汉字书写 汉语保持与转用 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]