“一V+数量短语”构式的语义演化及认知机制  

On the Semantic Evolution of Construction and Cognitive Mechanism of“yi V+Quantitative Phrase”

作　　者：朱敏[1,2] 盛若菁[3] ZHU Min;SHENG Ruojing

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院 [2]苏州工业园区职业技术学院人文与国际学院 [3]复旦大学国际文化交流学院

出　　处：《世界华文教学》2024年第1期260-272,共13页

摘　　要：基于“家族相似性”理论,将“一V+数量短语”构式家族中的典型成员分为三类:A式具有“超量性”特征、B式具有“易得性”特征、C式具有“必然性”特征。A、B、C三式各有独特的构式义特征,但在各自的典型家族成员之外,也有具有相邻范畴特征的边缘成员。A式是次第扫描的结果,而B、C两式则是总括扫描的结果。“一V+数量短语”体现的是人类认知“背景”和“焦点”的关系。由A式到B式,出现了结构形式上的虚化。在类推作用的影响下,从B式再到C式,出现了构件语义上的虚化。总而言之,从A式到C式,是一个从描述客观事件到作出主观判断的构式化过程。On the theory of family resemblances,we can divide the construction of“yi V+quantitative phrase”into three categories.A-type construction has the excess characteristic.B-type construction has the facile characteristic.C-type construction has the characteristic of inevitability.They have their own unique characteristics of constructional meanings.In addition to their typical members,there are also marginal members with the characteristics of adjacent categories.A-type construction is the result of sequential scanning,while B-type construction and C-type construction are the results of summary scanning.From“yi V”to“quantitative phrase”reflects the cognitive relationship from“background”to“focus”.From A to B,there is a virtual form of the construction.With the action of analogy mechanism,from B to C,there is a virtual semantics of the construction.In a word,from A to C is a constructionalization process from describing objective events to making subjective judgments.

关 键 词：超量性 易得性 必然性 扫描方式 构式化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]