“别指望”:从跨层结构到反预期推论情态  

“Biezhiwang”:From a cross-layer structure to a counter-expectation inferential modality

作　　者：刘明奇 LIU Mingqi

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《世界华文教学》2024年第1期320-335,共16页

摘　　要：“别指望”在现代汉语中有两种用法:一是跨层结构“别指望1”,用于阻止他人抱有期待;二是反预期推论情态成分“别指望2”,用于否定他人意愿预期。“别指望1”和“别指望2”在句法表现、语用功能及焦点成分上具有差异,“别指望2”的情态义由预期语篇解读赋予。“别指望2”主要用于评价语体,表达说话者对命题的否定断言,凸显亲涉事件的高信度。“别指望”在言语行为迁移的作用下,经历了语法化四阶段,在自知事件的意外与感叹基础上,亲涉事件由他反预期进一步推理获得“不可能”含义。“别指望2”处于预期语篇的推理层,与命题层的“不可能”存在本质区别。“Biezhiwang”(别指望)in modern Chinese can be interpreted in two ways,either in the cross-level construction“Biezhiwang 1”,which is used to discourage others from having expectations,or in the counter-expectation inferential modality“Biezhiwang 2”,which is used to negate the expectation of others’willing expectations.“Biezhiwang 1”and“Biezhiwang 2”show diff erences in syntactic performance,pragmatic functions and focal components,with“Biezhiwang 2”being given modality meaning by counter-expectation discourse interpretation.“Biezhiwang 2”is mainly used in evaluative corpora to express the speaker’s negative assertion of the proposition and to emphasize the high credibility of the proximate event.“Biezhiwang”undergoes four stages of grammaticalization under the effect of transformation in speech act,where the meaning of“impossible”is obtained by further inference from other counter-expectations on the basis of surprises and exclamations of self-knowledge of the event,and the pro-involvement of the event.“Biezhiwang 2”is at the inferential level of the expected discourse,which is fundamentally different from the“impossible”at the propositional level.

关 键 词：别指望 言语行为迁移 自知亲涉 他反预期 语用推理 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]