基于雷达图的永定河水环境质量评价  

Water quality analysis of Yongding River using radar charts

作　　者：刘琦 苑飞燕 段茂庆 孟宪智 张世禄 张俊 LIU Qi;YUAN Fei-yan;DUAN Mao-qing;MENG Xian-zhi;ZHANG Shi-lu;ZHANG Jun(Center of Eco-environmental Monitoring and Scientific Research,Administration of Ecology and Environment of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People s Republic of China,Tianjin 300170,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部海河流域北海海域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心,天津300170

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第7期21-28,共8页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家生态环境监测网络建设与运行项目(102144220490020009010)资助。

摘　　要：永定河是海河流域七大水系之一,也是京津冀地区重要水源涵养区、生态屏障和生态廊道。为掌握永定河水环境质量状况,评估跨流域生态补水对永定河水质改善成效,本研究采用雷达图指数法,对永定河2020—2022年13个地表水监测断面开展水质评价,并结合内梅罗指数、主成分指数评价结果,分析近3年水环境质量状况。研究显示,从空间上看,上游的洋河、桑干河水质较好,雷达图指数基本达到尚清洁及以上,永定河(干流)平原段特别是入海河口相对较差;从时间上看,2020年以来永定河水质稳步提升,单月优良水体(Ⅰ~Ⅲ类)累计占比由58.1%提升至86.7%,全年水质状况由轻度污染提升至优,跨流域生态补水发挥出显著效果;从监测指标看,主成分分析显示COD_(Mn)、COD_(Cr)和BOD_(5)等耗氧量指标是主要污染因子,此外,氟化物背景值以及氮磷肥料施用、畜禽养殖引起的氨氮、总磷面源污染也是影响永定河水质的重要污染指标。结果显示,雷达图以可视化形式表达监测断面水质状况,直观展现各项监测指标污染程度,与内梅罗指数、主成分指数评价结果具有良好的一致性,可为水环境监测评估与综合治理成效评价提供方法借鉴。Yongding River is one of the seven major water systems in Haihe River Basin,with an essential function of water source conservation,ecological barrier,and ecological corridor in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.To investigate the water quality of Yongding River,and evaluate the effectiveness of ecological water replenishment form Yellow River Basin,this study uses radar chart index to conduct water quality analysis based on 13 sampling stations of the Yongding River from 2020 to 2022,and compares the results with Nemerow index and principal component index to analyze the water quality in the past three years.Research shows that from a spatial perspective,the water quality of the Yanghe and Sanggan river is good,and the radar chart index basically reaches level clean or above.The downstream plain section,especially the estuary,is relatively poor;From a time perspective,the water quality of Yongding River has steadily improved since 2020,with the proportion ofⅠ~Ⅲincreasing from 58.1%to 86.7%.Ecological water replenishment from Yellow River has shown significant effects;From the perspective of pollutants,principal component analysis shows that oxygen consumption pollutants such as COD_(Mn),COD_(Cr),and BOD_(5) are the main factors.In addition,fluoride which is background values,as well as ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are also the main pollutants affecting the water quality of the Yongding River,caused by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application,livestock and poultry breeding.The results show that radar chart visually expresses the water quality of the sampling section,visually displays the degree of pollution of various monitoring factors,and has good consistency with the evaluation results of Nemerow index and principal component index.It is proved that radar chart is an effective method for water quality monitoring and comprehensive governance effectiveness evaluation.

关 键 词：永定河 水环境质量 雷达图 污染指标 跨流域调水 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]