“治”、“道”之间:清代土司与圣裔五经博士承袭制度比较研究  

A Comparative Analysis of the Tusi and Shengyi Wujingboshi Inheritance Systems during the Qing Dynasty Between Zhitong and Daotong

作　　者：巩哲 Gong Zhe

机构地区：[1]天津市中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心天津社会科学院基地,天津300191

出　　处：《西藏研究》2024年第3期22-34,M0004,共14页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“儒家‘仁政’思想与当代‘善治’研究”(项目编号:202110602)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国历史上治统与道统理念的变化是学界关注的重要学术论题,对于清代官方所推崇的治统、道统理念研究,可以通过边疆与中原相类似的制度安排对二者进行考察。清廷在边疆地区、民族群体中施行的土司制度与其在中原地区为优待圣贤后裔而施行的世袭翰林院五经博士制度,在地域、身份、权力等方面不尽相同,但具体到二者的承袭制度却可以看出,承袭资格中的身份、年龄、身体条件与承袭程序中的题请主体、承袭时限、承袭考试方面既有相似性又有差异性。清代统治者基于少数民族入主中原和多民族共同体渐趋形成的现实,针对治统与道统关系进行的“治道合一”、“治主道辅”和“继道统而新治统”的理解与构造,对两种承袭制度特点的形成产生了重要影响。Scholarly interest has centered on the ideas of Zhitong and Daotong in Chinese history.Political systems like those in the Central Plains and the frontier can be used to understand the Zhitong and Daotong ideas that were advanced by Qing officials.The Qing court’s inheritance system in frontier and ethnic areas and Shengyi wujingboshi system for saints’descendants in the Central Plains can be observed in the two systems’inheritance patterns,despite the fact that the two systems differ greatly in terms of region,status,and power.There are clear similarities and contrasts between the inheritance eligibility and procedures in terms of position,age,and physical conditions.The Qing Dynasty’s rulers understood and constructed the relationship between Zhitong and Daotong as Zhitong and Daotong as one-Zhitong as the mainstay and Daotong as a supplement-based on the reality that ethnic minorities were dominating the Central Plains and a multi-ethnic community was gradually forming.They also inherited Daotong to renew Zhitong,which had a significant influence on the formation of the two inherited systems’characteristics.

关 键 词：道统 治统 土司 世袭翰林院五经博士 民族共同体 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D691.72[历史地理—中国史]