专利申请相关遗传资源公开要求新条约及我国因应  

New Treaty on Disclosure of Genetic Resources for Patent Application and China's Response

作　　者：张乃根[1,2,3] Zhang Naigen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学 [2]复旦大学知识产权研究中心 [3]中国国际法学会

出　　处：《知识产权》2024年第7期85-97,共13页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：世界知识产权组织最新缔结的《产权组织知识产权、遗传资源和相关传统知识条约》规定了申请专利的发明基于遗传资源的应公开遗传资源的原产国或来源,基于遗传资源相关传统知识的应公开传统知识持有者或来源的强制性义务,同时规定缔约方应通过国内法实施,并可自主决定违反公开要求的行为的制裁和救济措施。这不仅是第一项有关遗传资源和传统知识保护的多边条约,而且是国际专利协调领域新的里程碑,具有重要的国际法意义。我国积极参与该条约的起草和缔结,并建立申请专利遗传资源公开要求制度和推动区域经贸协定纳入相关规定。但是,我国尚无相关传统知识公开要求制度,因而为准备加入该条约,应建立健全申请专利遗传资源和相关传统知识公开要求的一系列制度。The World Intellectual Property Organization has adopted a new treaty on intellectual property,genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge.This treaty imposes the mandatory obligations on the contracting parties by the domestic implementation to require the disclosure of an invention for patent application based on the genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge.The contracting parties are free to decide the sanctions and remedies on the failure to meet the requirements.It is significance for the multilateral system of international protection for intellectual property not only as the first treaty to protect the genetic resources and traditional knowledge,but also the new landmark for the international patent harmonization.China actively participants the drafting and negotiation of this treaty while establishing the domestic system on the disclosure of invention based on genetic resources and promoting to conclude a regional economic and trade agreement including the relevant requirements.However,China has not required to disclose the invention of patent application based on associated traditional knowledge.Therefore,it is necessary to establish and improve the relevant systems on disclosure of patent application based the genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge for Chinese entry into this treaty.

关 键 词：专利申请 遗传资源 传统知识 公开要求 国际协调 

分 类 号：D997.1[政治法律—国际法学] D923.42[政治法律—法学]