多馈入高压直流输电系统换相失败防御技术研究综述  

Review of Commutation Failure Prevention Technology for Multi-infeed HVDC Transmission Systems

作　　者：贺之渊 高冲 丁骁 王成昊 李婷婷 吴凌锋 HE Zhiyuan;GAO Chong;DING Xiao;WANG Chenghao;LI Tingting;WU Lingfeng(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology,State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102209,China)

机构地区：[1]先进输电技术全国重点实验室(国网智能电网研究院有限公司),北京102209

出　　处：《高电压技术》2024年第7期2735-2746,共12页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2400900)。

摘　　要：高压直流输电技术具有输送容量大、输电距离远、综合成本低的优势,在解决我国能源中心与负荷中心逆向分布问题上起到关键性作用,是中国实施“西电东送”重要战略支撑技术,占“西电东送”总容量50%以上。经过20余年的应用和发展,中国逐步建成了多回直流线路接入同一地区的电网结构,形成了多馈入高压直流输电系统。多馈入直流系统虽然提高了系统运行方式的灵活性、扩大了输送容量,但是增加了系统结构的复杂性、导致系统安全稳定问题愈加突出。多馈入直流系统中,单一交流故障就有可能在大范围内引发多回直流换相失败,对系统造成千万千瓦的功率冲击,严重威胁电网安全稳定运行。换相失败造成的危害随着直流馈入数量和容量的增加越来越严重。该文围绕未来高比例新能源场景下多馈入直流换相失败难题,首先论述了多馈入高压直流输电系统的概念,分析了直流输电系统换相失败机理,然后从换流站级、换流器级及系统级3个层面对现有的换相失败防御技术进行综述,最后对未来换相失败防御技术的重点方向进行了展望,并给出相关建议。HVDC transmission technology has the advantages of large transmission capacity,long transmission distance and low comprehensive cost,which plays a key role in solving the problem of reverse distribution of energy centers and load centers in China.It is an important strategic support technology for the implementation of“West-to-East Power Transmission”in China,accounting for more than 50%of the total capacity.After more than 20 years of application and development,China has built a power grid with multiple DC lines connected to the same area,forming a multi-infeed HVDC transmission system.Although this system improves the flexibility of the operation mode and expands the trans-mission capacity,the increasing complexity of its structure has made the system safe or stable problem more and more prominent.In the multi-infeed DC system,a single AC fault may cause multiple DC commutation failure in a wide range,causing tens of millions of kilowatts of power impact to the system and seriously threatening safety and stability of the power grid.The hazards caused by commutation failures are becoming more and more serious as the number and capacity of DC lines increase.Focusing on the problem of multi-infeed DC commutation failure in the future scenario of high proportion of new energy,this paper first explains the concept of multi-infeed HVDC transmission system,analyzes the commutation failure mechanism of DC transmission system,and then reviews the existing commutation failure preven-tion technologies from three levels,namely,station level,converter level,and system level.Finally,the prospects in the future commutation failure prevention technology is put forward,and relevant suggestions are given.

关 键 词：高压直流输电 多馈入直流系统 换相失败 防御技术 换流阀 

分 类 号：TM721.1[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]