黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀及水分利用效率对不同覆盖耕作模式的响应  

Responses of soil erosion and water use efficiency of sloping farmland in black soil region to different mulch tillage modes

作　　者：刘继龙 王志卓[1,2] 曹晓强 董泽 刘倩倩 曹冉 LIU Jilong;WANG Zhizhuo;CAO Xiaoqiang;DONG Ze;LIU Qianqian;CAO Ran(School of Water and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China;Key Laboratory of High Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第8期826-834,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500802-2);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52079030)。

摘　　要：为揭示不同覆盖耕作模式对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀防治及水分利用效率的影响机制,设置顺坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(SM)、顺坡免耕覆盖作物(SC)、横坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(CM)和传统耕作(CK)4种覆盖耕作模式,研究分析黑土区坡耕地土壤水分动态变化规律,明确不同覆盖耕作模式的土壤侵蚀特征,分析不同覆盖耕作模式对水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:顺坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(SM)、顺坡免耕覆盖作物(SC)和横坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖(CM)均能不同程度地增加土壤水分含量,防治土壤侵蚀和提高水分利用效率.SM处理、SC处理与CM处理较CK处理0~80 cm不同土层土壤含水率分别提高9.34%~18.20%,5.30%~11.54%和9.12%~19.84%;径流量、侵蚀量、降雨量和最大30 min雨强(I_(30))均与水分利用效率呈显著负相关性;SM处理、SC处理和CM处理的水分利用效率较CK处理均有提高,其增幅介于1.18%~10.76%.通过对比分析减流减蚀效果和水分利用效率,发现在防治土壤侵蚀,蓄水保墒及提高水分利用效率方面,横坡免耕碎秆均匀覆盖模式效果更好.To reveal the influence mechanism of different cover cropping modes on soil erosion control and water use efficiency of sloping cropland in the black soil zone,four cover cropping modes were set up,namely,no-till chopped straw uniform cover downhill(SM),no-till cover crop downhill(SC),no-till chopped pole uniform cover across the slope(CM),and conventional tillage(CK).The soil moisture dynamics of sloping arable land in the black soil zone,its water retention and soil fixation capacity as well as its water use efficiency were researched and analyzed.The results show that no-till chopped straw uniform cover downhill(SM),no-till cover crop downhill(SC),and no-till chopped pole uniform cover across the slope(CM)have different degrees of effects on increasing soil moisture content,preventing soil erosion,and improving water utilization efficiency.The average soil water content of 0-80 cm different soil layers increases by 9.34%-18.20%,5.30%-11.54%and 9.12%-19.84%in SM,SC and CM treatments,respectively,compared with that of CK treatment during the whole crop life.Runoff,erosion,rainfall,and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity altogether significantly negatively correlates with water use efficiency.SM,SC and CM treatments improve water use efficiency by 1.18%-10.76%compared to CK treatment.By setting up four different mulching tillage modes,revealing the changing law of soil moisture under different mulching tillage modes,clarifying the soil erosion characteristics of different mulching tillage modes,and analyzing the effects of different mulching tillage modes on the water use efficiency,it is concluded that the no-till chopped pole uniform cover across the slope mode is the most effective in preventing soil erosion,storing and conserving moisture and improving water use efficiency.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 水分利用效率 覆盖措施 耕作方式 坡耕地 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]