历史地理学视域下川芎“苓子”栽培法本草考证  

Research on Cultivation of Ligusticum Chuanxiong“Lingzi”from the Perspectiveof Historical Geography

作　　者：施铮 倪亮 虞舜 曹宜 王慧惠 陈仁寿 Shi Zheng;Ni Liang*;Yu Shun;Cao Yi;Wang Huihui;Chen Renshou(Institute of Chinese Medicine Literature,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China;National TCM Processing Technology Inheritance Base,The Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学中医药文献研究所,江苏南京210023 [2]南京中医药大学附属医院国家级中药炮制技术传承基地,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《亚太传统医药》2024年第7期186-191,共6页Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项(21VJXG038);国家自然科学基金(81904322);南京中医药大学自然科学基金(NZY.81904322)。

摘　　要：四川道地产区“山区育苓,坝上栽种”的川芎“苓子”栽培法历史悠久,已成为其道地品质的形成要素之一。而现实生产中,药农自发随意、标准不一。拟通过系统分析为优化栽培方法提供参考。从历史地理学角度出发,梳理历代本草文献中川芎栽培方法的源流,分析特定的地理环境和历史背景对其演变的影响,并结合田野调查,总结规律。①自宋代起,青城山-都江堰的历史地理环境与人类活动促进了苓子栽培的成型与衍化,而现代山区自然环境的变迁、地理资源的限制又催生了“坝苓子”栽培法;②成都平原的“粮药争地”矛盾影响了苓子种植与川芎采收时期,为平衡川芎与水稻轮作,逐渐衍变为立秋与处暑之间种植苓子,次年小满与芒种之间采集川芎;③通过实地调查发现,新改良的冷库坝苓子栽培法继承了古法的优点,符合规律,同时守正创新,便捷高效,已有大量实践经验。四川产区特定的历史地理环境与人类活动促进了苓子栽培的成型与衍化,同时新时期地理环境的变迁与限制依然在推动苓子栽培的继续改进。冷库坝苓子栽培法值得深入研究,以平衡药材品质与种植成本,扩大产区,增加药源。The“Lingzi”cultivation of Chuanxiong in the Sichuan has a long history and has become one of the factors that form its authentic quality.In reality,farmers are spontaneous and have different standards.This article intends to provide a reference for optimizing cultivation methods through systematic analysis.Starting from the perspective of historical geography,the origin and development of the cultivation of Ligusticum chuanxiong in ancient Materia Medica were sorted out,and the influence of specific geographical environment and historical background was analyzed.Since the Song Dynasty,the historical geographical environment and human activities in Qingchengshan and Dujiangyan promoted the formation and evolution of Lingzi cultivation.The change of natural environment in the mountain area and the limitation of geographical resources in the modern gave birth to the cultivation method of“Ba ling Zi”.The contradiction of“grain and medicine competing for land”in Chengdu Plain affected Lingzi planting and harvesting period.Lingzi is planted between Autumn Begins and End of Heat,and Chuanxiong is collected between Grain Buds and Grain in Ear.The author found the newly cold storage Balingzi cultivation inherited the advantages of the ancient method,complied with the rules,convenient and efficient,and had a lot of practical experience.The specific historical geographical environment and human activities in Sichuan promoted the formation and development of Lingzi cultivation,and the change and restriction of geographical environment still promoted the improvement of Lingzi cultivation.In order to balance the quality and the planting cost,the cultivation method of cold storage Balingzi is worthy of further study.

关 键 词：川芎 苓子 栽培 本草考证 历史地理学 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]