川楝子和苦楝子生药鉴别研究  

Study on Pharmacognostic Identification of Toosendan Fructus and Azedarach Fructus

作　　者：朱丽明 王小鹏 侯建忠 朱顺娟 Zhu Liming;Wang Xiaopeng;Hou Jianzhong;Zhu Shunjuan(Pharmacy Department,Jiuquan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Jiuquan 735000,China;Traditional Chinese Medicine Testing Department,Jiuquan Institute for Drug Control of Gansu Province,Jiuquan 735000,China)

机构地区：[1]酒泉市中医院药剂科,甘肃酒泉735000 [2]酒泉市药品检验检测中心中药检测科,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《亚太传统医药》2024年第6期21-24,共4页Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省药品监督管理局科研项目(2022GSMPA0081);甘肃省酒泉市科技计划项目(2023CA1014)。

摘　　要：目的:比较川楝子与苦楝子饮片的区别,以便于临床正确应用。方法:采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别的方法,对川楝子、苦楝子的形态特征和粉末进行研究。结果:2种药物的性状特征有较大差异,川楝子呈类球形,直径2~3.2 cm,表面金黄色至棕黄色;果核球形或卵圆形,两端平截,有6~8条纵棱,内分6~8室。苦楝子呈长椭圆形,皱缩较明显,长1.1~2 cm,直径1~1.5 cm,表面灰黄色,久存呈棕红色;果核长椭球形,一端平截,另一端略尖,有5~6条纵棱,内分5~6室。显微特征中,川楝子的果皮纤维较大,多为环纹导管,果皮表皮细胞外被角质层较厚;苦楝子果皮纤维较小,多为梯纹导管,果皮表皮细胞外被角质层较薄。结论:基于性状和显微鉴别可以区分川楝子和苦楝子,该研究结果可为以上2种药材的快速鉴别使用提供参考。Objective:Compare the differences between the decoction pieces of Toosendan fructus and Azedarach fructus,in order to facilitate correct clinical application.Methods:The morphological characteristics and powder of Toosendan fructus and Azedarach fructus were studied using methods of character identification and microscopic identification.Results:There were significant differences in the characteristics of these two drugs,Toosendan fructus with a spherical shape and a diameter of 2~3.2 cm,with a surface of golden to brownish yellow;The fruit nucleus is spherical or ovoid,with flat ends and 6~8 longitudinal ribs,divided into 6~8 compartments.Azedarach fructus is a long oval shape with obvious wrinkling,measuring 1.1~2 cm in length and 1~1.5 cm in diameter.Its surface is grayish yellow,and it remains brownish red in color for a long time;The fruit core is long and ellipsoid,with one end flat and the other end slightly pointed.It has 5~6 longitudinal edges and is divided into 5~6 compartments.In the microscopic characteristics of the powder,the peel fibers of Azedarach fructus are larger,mostly circular vessels,and the outer layer of the epidermal cells of the peel is thicker;The fiber of the fruit skin of Azedarach fructus is relatively small,mostly consisting of ladder shaped vessels.The outer layer of the epidermal cells of the fruit skin is relatively thin.Conclusion:Based on morphological and microscopic identification,it is possible to distinguish between Toosendan fructus and Azedarach fructus.The results of this study can provide reference for the rapid identification and use of the two medicinal materials mentioned above.

关 键 词：川楝子 苦楝子 生药鉴别 

分 类 号：R282.5[医药卫生—中药学]