膜仿生纳米制剂穿越血脑屏障治疗脑部疾病的研究进展  

Research progress of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles traversing the blood-brain barrier to treat brain diseases

作　　者：刘慧 徐宏彬 高建青[1,3,4] 蒋心驰 LIU Hui;XU Hong-bin;GAO Jian-qing;JIANG Xin-chi(College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Ningbo First Hospital,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315010,China;Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学药学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]宁波大学附属第一医院,浙江宁波315010 [3]浙江大学(杭州)创新医药研究院,浙江杭州310058 [4]先进药物递释系统全国重点实验室,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《药学学报》2024年第7期1932-1941,共10页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20383);浙江省自然科学基金重大项目(LD22H300002);宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项(2021Z028,2022Z150)。

摘　　要：目前,脑部疾病已经成为大健康领域的“一大杀手”,血脑屏障限制药物递送入脑已成为脑部疾病治疗的难点之一。研究表明细胞膜包被技术可以赋予纳米粒免疫逃逸、长循环、靶向递送等优势,因此膜仿生纳米制剂在药物递送和疾病治疗领域得到广泛运用。其中,免疫细胞、肿瘤细胞及干细胞来源的细胞膜因其可以通过跨细胞途径和细胞旁路途径穿越血脑屏障,被用于制备膜仿生纳米制剂以突破血脑屏障实现脑部疾病的治疗。而对细胞膜进行多肽修饰等方式进一步增强了膜仿生纳米制剂的脑靶向递送能力。本文对膜仿生纳米制剂的制备方法进行介绍,详细阐述了细胞膜包被纳米粒突破血脑屏障,实现药物高效脑内递送的途径,并总结这一新型药物递送系统在脑部疾病治疗中的前景与挑战,为膜仿生纳米制剂治疗脑部疾病的研究提供参考。At present,brain disease has become a"killer"in the field of general health,and the existence of blood-brain barrier has become one of the challenges in drug delivery into the brain.According to studies,cell membrane coating technique can endow nanoparticles with the characteristics of immune escape,long circulation,targeted delivery,and so on.Therefore,membrane biomimetic nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of disease treatment.Among them,the cell membrane derived from immune cells,tumor cells,and stem cells can cross the blood-brain barrier through the transcellular pathway and cell bypass pathway,which is used to prepare biomimetic membrane nanoparticles to break through the blood-brain barrier to achieve the treatment of brain diseases.What's more,the brain targeted ability of biomimetic nanoparticles would be further enhanced by modifying the cell membrane with peptides.This paper introduces the preparation methods of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles,expounds in detail the way that cell membrane coated nanoparticles break through the blood-brain barrier and achieve efficient intracerebral drug delivery.It also summarizes the prospects and challenges of this novel drug delivery system in the treatment of brain diseases,providing a reference for the research of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles in the treatment of brain diseases.

关 键 词：膜仿生纳米制剂 血脑屏障 细胞膜包被技术 脑部疾病 入脑递送 

分 类 号：R943[医药卫生—药剂学]