论古文字研究方法的演进  

On the Evolution of Research Methods for Ancient Chinese Characters

作　　者：蒋冀骋[1] 常天宇 JIANG Ji-cheng;CHANG Tian-yu

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2024年第3期2-28,126,共28页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“历代大型字书传承与发展研究”(23&ZD313)。

摘　　要：中国文字是形音义的结合体,故古文字的考释方法应形音义三者兼顾。早期的文字研究,由于对汉字性质认识的偏差,从而将汉字的图画性推到极致,故考释古文字时多倚重以形考字,而不顾或少顾及音义,有看图识字之嫌。随着学术的进步,研究者开始加入义和音的因素,从而形成形义结合以考字,形音结合以考字,最后形成形音义结合以考字的研究方法。本文通过对宋人、清人和现代学者考释古文字方法的探讨,勾勒出古文字研究方法的演进过程,以供古文字研究者借鉴。Chinese characters are a combination of form,sound,and meaning,so the interpretation method of ancient Chinese characters should take into account both form,sound,and meaning.Early research on Chinese characters,due to a deviation in understanding the nature of Chinese characters,pushed the pictorial nature of Chinese characters to the extreme.Therefore,when interpreting ancient characters,it often relied on the form to test the characters,without considering the sound and meaning,and there was a suspicion of recognizing characters by looking at pictures.With academic progress,researchers have begun to incorporate both semantic and phonetic factors,forming a research method of combining form and meaning to test characters,combining form and sound to test characters,and finally forming a research method of combining form,sound,and meaning to test characters.This article explores the methods of interpreting ancient Chinese characters by Song,Qing,and modern scholars,outlining the evolution process of research methods for ancient Chinese characters,for reference by researchers of ancient Chinese characters.

关 键 词：古文字 金文 考释方法 

分 类 号：H028[语言文字—语言学]