电镀园区PFASs污染特征分析及控制对策  

Analysis on characteristics of PFASs pollution in electroplating park and control measures

作　　者：齐奋春 许冲 张景茹 伍银爱 程红艳 曾靖雯 QI Fenchun;XU Chong;ZHANG Jingru;WU Yin’ai;CHENG Hongyan;ZENG Jingwen(Guangdong Institute of Environmental Sciences,Guangzhou 510045,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省环境科学研究院,广东广州510045

出　　处：《电镀与涂饰》2024年第7期152-160,共9页Electroplating & Finishing

摘　　要：[目的]电镀是全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)污染的主要来源之一。目前对于典型电镀生产工艺过程及其废水处理站的全链条新污染物研究相对不足。[方法]选取珠三角某电镀园区作为研究对象,检测了包括全氟烷基羧酸(PFCAs)、全氟烷基磺酸(PFSAs),以及全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)的常见替代物在内的30种典型PFASs,分析了其污染特征。[结果]在电镀的各个工序中普遍存在PFASs,其中镀铬工序检出的PFASs种类最多、浓度最高,并且检出了已明令禁止使用的PFOS、PFOA和PFHxS(全氟己烷磺酸)。废水集中处理设施的进水中PFOS和6:2 FTS(全氟辛烷磺酸钠)的检出浓度和检出率最高,显示出相对严重的污染水平。尽管废水集中处理设施对PFASs有一定的协同处理效果,但出水中检测到了进水中未出现的HFPO-DA(2−甲基−3−氧杂全氟己酸),表明PFASs在污水处理系统中的转化过程有待进一步研究。[结论]针对电镀园区的PFASs污染问题,政府可建立新污染物筛查监测和环境风险评估工作制度,电镀园区宜建立入园企业化学物质信息调查登记制度,企业应落实重点管控新污染物清单要求。[Introduction]Electroplating industry is one of the major sources of pollution by perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).However,research on the new pollutants discharged from the whole chain of typical electroplating production and corresponding wastewater treatment stations is relatively lacking currently.[Method]An electroplating park in Pearl River Delta(PRD)was selected as the study object.30 kinds of typical PFASs i.e.perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs),perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSAs),and common substitutes for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)were detected,and their contamination characteristics were analyzed.[Result]PFASs are present in various electroplating processes.Not only the largest number and highest concentration of PFASs were detected in chromium plating process,but also some prohibited compounds such as PFOS,PFOA,and PFHxS(perfluorohexanesulfonic acid)were detected.The influent from the centralized wastewater treatment facilities had the highest concentrations and detection rates for PFOS and 6:2 FTS(sodium perfluorooctanesulfonate),indicating a severe pollution of them.Although the centralized wastewater treatment facilities had some synergistic treatment effect on PFASs,HFPO-DA[perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic)acid],which was not present in the influent,was detected in the effluent,suggesting that the transformation of PFASs in wastewater treatment system needs to be further studied.[Conclusion]In response to the pollution of PFASs in electroplating parks,the government can establish a new pollutant screening and monitoring and environmental risk assessment system.Electroplating parks should establish a registration system for chemicals used in enterprises.Enterprises must implement the requirements of the key control list for new pollutants.

关 键 词：电镀园区 废水 全氟和多氟烷基化合物 污染特征 控制对策 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]