壳聚糖/明胶/植酸复合阻燃涂料的制备及性能  

Preparation and properties of chitosan/gelatin/phytic acid composite flame retardant coatings

作　　者：曾令顺 李承禹 雒翠梅 徐文妍 母军[1] Zeng Lingshun;Li Chengyu;Luo Cuimei;Xu Wenyan;Mu Jun(Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application of Ministry of Education,School of Materials Science and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]木质材料科学与应用教育部重点实验室,北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2024年第7期112-122,共11页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971589)。

摘　　要：【目的】为提高木材的阻燃性能,扩展生物基阻燃材料在木材中的应用,制备壳聚糖/明胶/植酸全生物基可膨胀复合阻燃涂料,并且探索其在木材上的应用性能。【方法】以壳聚糖和明胶为成膜物质,水为溶剂,按照壳聚糖、明胶和植酸质量比3∶2∶(0~1.5)制备可膨胀复合阻燃涂料;将其涂覆于木材表面后制备木材的阻燃涂层(CGPx)。利用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱观察涂层的形貌结构以及元素分布;使用铅笔硬度仪和附着力检测评估涂层的硬度以及附着力;采用热重测试、可燃耐火测试和锥形量热测试综合评估处理材的热稳定性和阻燃性能;最后采用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析残炭的形貌结构和元素分布,并分析阻燃机理。【结果】CGPx在木材上表现出优良的附着力和硬度,其中CGP1.5组附着力等级达到1级,铅笔硬度达到7H。CGPx木材表现出优良的热稳定性,其中CGP1.5组残炭率达到44.2%。在可燃耐火测试中,CGPx木材表现出优异的耐火性能。在锥形量热测试中,CGP1.5组热释放速率峰值下降了34.3%,速率峰值出现时间推迟至284 s,总热释放量下降了15.5%,CO和CO_(2)释放速率也有所降低,同时火灾指数为0.189,火焰增长指数为0.708。木材的阻燃性能得到增强。【结论】使用全生物基阻燃涂料涂覆木材的处理方法,有效提高了木材的热稳定性与阻燃性能,丰富了绿色可持续的木材阻燃体系。[Objective]In order to improve the flame retardant properties of wood,and extend the application of bio-based flame retardant materials in wood,we prepared expandable composite flame retardant coatings using all-bio-based materials(chitosan/gelatin/phytic acid),and explored the properties in the wood application.[Method]The composite intumescent flame-retardant coating(CGPx)was prepared by chitosan/gelatin as the film-forming substance and water as the solvent,and was prepared according to the mass ratio of chitosan,gelatin,phytic acid of 3∶2∶(0−1.5).The flame-retardant coating layer of wood was prepared by coating it on the wood surface.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology and elemental distribution of the coating layer.A pencil hardness tester and an adhesion test were used to evaluate the hardness and adhesion of the coating layer.Scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric test,combustible fire test,and cone calorimetry test were used to comprehensively evaluate the thermal stability,flame retardancy of the treated wood.Finally,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology and elemental distribution of the residual charcoal and to analyze the flame retardant mechanism.[Result]CGPx showed excellent adhesion and hardness on wood,with the CGP1.5 group achieving an adhesion rating of Class 1 and a pencil hardness of 7H.CGPx wood showed excellent thermal stability,with the CGP1.5 group achieving a residual charcoal rate of 44.2%.CGPx wood showed excellent flame resistance in fire and combustion tests.In the cone calorimetry test,the peak heat release rate of the CGP1.5 group was reduced by 34.3%,the time of the peak rate was delayed to 284 s,the total heat release was reduced by 15.5%,the CO and CO_(2) release rates were also reduced,the fire index was 0.189 and the flame growth index was 0.708.The flame retardancy of the treated wood was enhanced.[Conclusion]The treatment

关 键 词：阻燃 涂料 壳聚糖 明胶 植酸 生物基阻燃涂料 速生杨木 

分 类 号：S781.73[农业科学—木材科学与技术] TU561.66[农业科学—林学]